Background:Growth of mentally retarded children differs from that of normal children. However, the adolescent growth and development of Indian mentally retarded children has not been studied.Aim:This study was conducted to evaluate the physical growth and sexual development of adolescent mentally retarded girls in North Indian population and to compare it with that of normal girls of same age group.Materials and Methods:One hundred mentally retarded (intelligence quotient (IQ) less than 70) and 100 normal girls between 10 and 20 years of age were categorized into 1-year age groups. Their height was measured and the sexual development was assessed based on breast development (BD) and pubic hair growth (PH) stages 1-5 on the basis of Tanner scale. The data was then compared between the two groups using Student's t-test. The mean age of menarche was calculated by applying Probit analysis.Results:The mean height of mentally retarded girls was significantly retarded as compared to normal girls at all ages; however, the mean height gain during 11-20 years was same in both the groups. The mentally retarded girls also showed significant retardation in PH growth at 15-17 years and in BD at 15-16 years of age.Conclusions:The physical growth and sexual development of adolescent mentally retarded girls was retarded as compared to the normal girls. The physical growth retardation occurred during early childhood (before 11 years), however the retardation in sexual maturity occurred during middle adolescence, between 15-17 years of age.
Objective: Teaching aids like chalkboard and power point (PPT) have commonly been used in anatomy teaching. With an increasing number of medical seats and introduction of competency-based curriculum, PPT is being preferred. The present study aimed at obtaining the views of medical students on these two teaching aids in learning Anatomy. Methods: It was a prospective, cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study conducted on medical students of First, second and final professional of a Government Medical College in North India. Students’ perception was assessed on the basis of a questionnaire in Likert scale. Likert scale 4 and 5 were considered favorable responses. McNemar’s test was used for statistical analysis. Results: The questionnaires were distributed to 420 students but 412 students participated in study. There were 164 males and 248 females. Students perceived that PPT offered significantly (p value <0.001) better visibility of lecture content, more clarity of the diagrams, structural relations and demonstration of applied aspects as compared to chalkboard. However, chalkboard was preferred over PPT by a significantly higher number of students (p value <0.001) as it enhances the ability to take notes and copy diagrams, develop better understanding of topic, provides better opportunity for student-teacher interaction, stimulates interest in the subject and enhances overall satisfaction and effectiveness of lecture delivery. Conclusion: The present study, based on students’ responses, highlights the areas of strength of chalkboard and PPT and provides a guide for the teachers for an integrated and appropriate use of both teaching aids for effective lecture delivery. KEY WORDS: Anatomy teaching, Lecture delivery, Chalkboard, Power Point, Medical education.
To investigate the clinical and characteristic differences of urinary tract infections between diabetic patients and non-diabetic patients. Methods: The current research is being carried out at a tertiary care center, for the period of 6 months. There are a total of 50 diabetics and 50 people who do not have diabetes in this study. An exhaustive inquiry and historical assessment were carried out. SPSS, a statistical tool, was used to do the final analysis on the data. The chi square test was used to compare the percentages of participants in the various groups, and the student t test was used to compare the means. Results: The mean age among diabetic and non-diabetic patients was 56.89±12.56 years and 51.36±11.53 years. The majority of patients will first come with a fever. In both diabetes and nondiabetes, BPH was the most prevalent predisposing factor, and indwelling catheterization was the second most common; however, there was no statistically significant difference between the two. The majority of diabetic patients diagnosed with UTI (87.14 percent) had HbA1C levels that were more than 6.5 percent, and this difference was statistically significant. In diabetics, the incidence of recurrent UTI is greater than in non-diabetic populations; nevertheless, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. In both diabetics and those without diabetes, the risk of recurrent UTI is greater in females. Conclusion:The presence of diabetes, inadequate glycaemic management, fever, and female genital sex were the host variables that were shown to be related with urinary tract infections (UTIs).
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.