Citarum is the longest and biggest river in West Java, also known as the world’s most polluted river. The pollution is due to social and economic burden carried out by the river, as well as supporting millions inhabitant living along the river. The social-economic-activities in this most populated province of Indonesia led to the change of land function into housing and industrial activities. Deforestation in the headwaters added to the river damaged. The environment degradation in Citarum has been taking place since the 1980’s, when rapid industrialization activities started in the southern parts of Bandung that led to build ups of factory waste. Most factories thrown pollutants directly to the river without using waste water processing installation plant. Various programs to improve river water quality and environmental management have no results because they are not supported by changes in community behavior. Even though various programs have been carried out with large financial support from the government and international institutions, the revitalization and restoration program do not bring significant results. This paper aims to analyze the program by reviewing the role of government, non-government and the public through the SWAA approach (Strength, Weakness, Advocates, Adversaries). The research method used was descriptive analysis, with primary and secondary data collection. Primary data collection is carried out through interviews with government, non-governmental organizations, and community members. The results of the research aimed at the government and stakeholders as input for managing environmental management programs that are more successful and have a direct impact to community.
Joko Widodo (nicknamed Jokowi) is Indonesia's 7th President, elected amid strong popular hope for a new, clean, and effective government. With the support from Indonesia's Democratic Party for Struggle (PDIP), Jokowi won popular support (53%) against Prabowo (47%) in the 2014 election. This paper analyzes the effectiveness of Jokowi's political communication from the general election up to his presidency (2014)(2015). Furthermore, the paper discusses Jokowi's international image through verbal and non-verbal communication. Prabowo, his rival during the election, depicted Jokowi as an Enemy of Islam, a supporter of Christianity, an anti-Muslim, a Zionist, and a mere puppet of the West, in addition to drawing attention to his Chinese descent. Jokowi's main supporters were volunteers, or "the people's coalition" as the media called them. Jokowi's victory was due to the strong support of volunteers who had made effective use of social media (Facebook, Twitter, SMS, and online games). Jokowi's most significant volunteers were performers and musicians who successfully organized spectacular music concerts for free. These concerts enabled the increase of popular support significantly. After Jokowi became President, people's expectations were very high. Their expectations were tempered by previous experiences when Indonesia was challenged by corruption perpetrated at various levels of government as well as business interests. This research aims to analyze Jokowi's political communication performance and international image using the Strength, Weakness, Threat and Opportunity (SWOT) analysis. It concludes that Jokowi's failures were due to poor political communication management. However, his changes in political strategies and management of coalition parties have successfully gained both media and popular support.
The South China Sea (LTS) has a strategic position and rich in natural resources. These waters are claimed by several countries such as China, the Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam, and Taiwan. The overlapping claims have not yet reached a resolution, even though tensions have increased and potentially to become an open conflict. The United States (US) and China have economic, political and strategic interests in winning the competition in the South China Sea. This paper answers the question what is China's position in the dispute in the South China Sea? Has China as a great power succeeded in utilizing its national power to control the waters? China's position is analyzed using the concept of national power consisting of Diplomacy, Information, Military and Economics (DIME), which is commonly used to assess state power. China's strength is compared indirectly with the US, which is the main competitor in the region from a diplomatic, military and economic point of view. From the diplomatic aspect, China controls countries in Southeast Asia which are part of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) infrastructure project, whose various projects are funded through the Asian Investment Infrastructure Bank (AIIB). To confirm the claim, China has carried out various constructions of artificial islands in the disputed area, which are equipped with military facilities. From an economic perspective, China's rapid growth in recent decades has made it one of the most respected world powers. These facts indicated that China is a great power that has managed to match the power and influence of the US in the region. In the case of the LTS dispute, it is likely that China will win the competition, influence and support from the disputing countries. China; South China Sea; diplomacy, information, military, economy
Sungai Citarum dinobatkan sebagai salah satu sungai terkotor di dunia. Sungai yang terletak di Jawa Barat ini memiliki peran yang cukup besar bagi kehidupan penduduknya. Selain sebagai sumber air minum, irigasi pertanian, perikanan, pembangkit tenaga listrik untuk kota Bandung, Jakarta, Purwakarta dan sekitarnya, Citarum juga merupakan pemasok air utama untuk kegiatan industri. Lebih dari 27 juta orang memanfaatkan sungai ini sebagai sumber kehidupan, termasuk sekitar 1.500 pabrik yang ada di sekitarnya serta beberapa waduk PLTA. Sudah banyak pengabdian kepada masyarakat dilakukan untuk wilayah sungai Citarum, namun belum Nampak hasil yang signifikan dan belum ada yang menggunakan film sebagai media pendidikan. Film sebagai media pendidikan diharapkan dapat meningkatkan transfer ilmu pengetahuan, mengubah mindset yang selama ini berlaku tentang polusi sungai Citarum –dari yang semula membiarkan bahkan menerima dengan “pasrah” kehidupan yang terpolusi seperti itu—berubah menjadi kesadaran yang lebih meningkat dari masyarakat di tepi sungai Citarum. Film sebagai kritik sosial juga diharapkan dapat mendorong masyarakat di sekitar wilayah sungai Citarum untuk menciptakan sendiri ide-ide kreatif dan gagasan-gagasan baru untuk mengubah lingkungan yang tidak sehat, sebelumnya, menjadi lingkungan yang sehat dengan air bersih sebagai sumber kehidupan. Menggunakan Taxonomy Bloom sebagai kerangka dan strategi pengabdian, pelaksanaan pengabdian ini akan memiliki dua tahapan kegiatan, yaitu aktivitas sayembara dan aktivitas penghargaan (awarding) - pemutaran (movie screening). Aktivitas pertama (UNPAR Movie Award 2019) diadakan mulai bulan Februari sampai Juli 2019. Sayembara UNPAR Movie Award ini ditujukan untuk mahasiswa di Perguruan Tinggi di Bandung dan masyarakat umum. Faktor utama yang dinilai dari pembuatan film adalah kreativitas, orisinalitas, dan pesan yang hendak disampaikan. Dari 65 peserta yang mendaftar, 33 materi film pendek telah diterima oleh panitia, dan sedang dilakukan penilaian terhadap film-film tersebut oleh para juri yang kompeten di bidangnya. Selama proses penjurian, panitia juga telah melakukan movie gathering and film screening, dengan mengundang Jay Subijakto dan Oscar Matulloh sebagai pembicara. Jay merupakan sutradara film dokumenter berjudul “Banda: The Dark Forgotten Trails” yang piawai di bidangnya. Pada acara movie gathering sekaligus technical meeting tersebut, pembicara membagikan tips mengenai cara-cara membuat film pendek (documentary) yang baik. Aktivitas kedua dilaksanakan sesudah pemilihan pemenang diumumkan di bulan Agustus, yaitu mulai bulan September sampai November 2019; dengan melakukan yaitu pemutaran film-film pemenang sayembara di lokasi –kampus UNPAR dan wilayah pemukiman Citarum-- tertentu. Melalui pesan dan nilai-nilai yang disampaikan melalui film-film ini diharapkan masyarakat penonton, khususnya masyarakat di Jawa Barat yang hidup dan dihidupi sungai Citarum, dapat menambah dan meningkatkan aspek kognitif, aspek afektif dan psikomotoriknya. Dengan demikian, kesadaran masyarakat tentang pentingnya kebersihan lingkungan dengan sumber air yang bersih sebagai konsumsi keseharian dapat dijiwai dan diterapkan. Pemberdayaan masyarakat di Jawa Barat, khususnya yang bermukim di sepanjang sungai Citarum, dalam rangka menjaga kebersihan lingkungan dapat ditingkatkan. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini direncanakan untuk dilanjutkan di tahun 2020, dengan menayangkan film-film baru (dokumenter atau fiksi –based on true story) hasil produksi bersama dengan masyarakat yang tinggal di wilayah Citarum, untuk diputar di stasiun televisi lokal atau nasional. Dengan begitu, masyarakat diharapkan memiliki pilihan tontonan yang lebih bervariasi dan mengedukasi. Kata kunci: sungai Citarum, film, media pendidikan, pemberdayaan masyarakat
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