Transplantation of hepatocytes or bone marrow-derived cells has been shown to ameliorate liver fibrosis in animal models, but no direct comparison of relative efficiency has been made. The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of a bone marrow-derived clonal mesenchymal stem cell line established by us (rBM25/S3) with that of its adipogenic or hepatogenic differentiation derivative for suppression of rat liver fibrosis. After induction of differentiation of rBM25/S3 cells into adipogenic or hepatogenic cells in culture, we intrasplenically transplanted the three types of cells into rats (3 x 10(7) cells/rat) before and 4 weeks after initiation of carbon tetrachloride treatment (1 ml/kg body weight twice a week for 8 weeks) to induce liver fibrosis. Undifferentiated rBM25/S3 cells were the most effective for suppression of liver fibrosis, followed by the adipogenic cells and hepatogenic cells. Expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were also highest in undifferentiated rBM25/S3 cells. These results indicate that bone marrow-derived clonal mesenchymal stem cell lines are useful for further mechanistic studies on cell-mediated suppression of liver fibrosis and that such cell lines will provide information on an appropriate cell source for transplantation therapy for cirrhosis.
The objectives of this longitudinal study were to assess children's caries risk and mean number of decayed teeth and determine their life style factors that influence their caries activity. A total of 283 children were selected based on the following criteria: they had 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5-year-old oral examinations, participated in Cariostat microbial sampling and the mother of a child filled out the questionnaires. Caries experiences of children were 2.1% for the 1.5-year-old, 8.1% for the 2.5-year-old, and 14.8% for 3.5-year-old period, respectively. Caries risk at the 1.5-year-old period showed significant differences (P<0.001) for mean number of decayed teeth when children were at the 2.5-, and 3.5-year-old period. A significant difference (P<0.01) was also seen for caries risk at the 2.5-year-old period. Regarding children's lifestyle factors at the 1.5-year-old period, pre-chewing food and breastfeeding produced significant caries susceptibility in both 2.5-and 3.5-year-old period. Additionally, children's life styles were analyzed to have an impact on caries only at the 2.5-year-old period. For children's life style at the 2.5-year-old period, increased frequency of snack, irregular snack time, and brushing without assistance by the mother put 3.5-year-old children at high risk of developing caries. A caries activity test could predict 2.5-, and 3.5-year-old children's caries risk based on the 1.5-year-old test result. Some children's life styles at an early age showed a higher risk of developing caries at a later age.
Karies gigi merupakan penyakit infeksi kronis yang umum terjadi akibat bakteri kariogenik yang melekat pada gigi. Mikroorganisme kariogenik berperan penting dalam perkembangan karies. Streptococcus mutan merupakan mikroorganisme pathogen penting dalam perkembangan lesi karies. Perkembangan terbaru dalam teknologi sekuensing DNA belakangan ini telah memungkinkan untuk memetakan profil komposisi mikrobioma rongga mulut dan memberikan harapan dalam menyelesaikan penyakit menular ini. Pada penelitian ini, kami mengumpulkan data penelitian mengenai teknik analisis profil mikrobioma rongga mulut melalui mesin pencarian online Google Scholar dan Pubmed. Dan didapatkan 15 jurnal yang membahas mengenai teknik identifikasi mikrobioma rongga mulut. Teknik analisis mikrobioma rongga mulut dapat diketahui dengan jelas beserta kelebihan dan kekurangan untuk merancang penelitian lebih lanjut tentang mikrobioma penyebab terjadinya karies. Dental caries is a common chronic infectious resulting from tooth adherent cariogenic bacteria. The cariogenic microorganisms play an important part in caries development. Streptococcus mutan is an important pathogenic organism in the development of caries lesion. The development of dental caries is highly associated with the microbiota in the oral cavity. Recent developments in DNA sequencing technology have made it possible to map the compositional profile of the oral microbiome and provide hope in solving the problem on this infectious disease. The development of dental caries is closely related to the microbiota in the oral cavity. Recent developments in DNA sequencing technology have made it possible to map the compositional profile of the oral microbiome and provide hope in solving this infectious disease problem. Methode: In this study, we collected research data regarding the technique of analyzing oral microbiome profiles through the online search engines Google Scholar and Pubmed. And obtained 15 journal that discuss the identification technique of the oral microbiome Result: The oral microbiome analysis technique can be identified clearly along with its advantages and disadvantages for design further research on the microbiome that causes caries.
The aim of the present study was to investigate caries activity and it's association with the presence of S. mutans and S. sobrinus. The subjects were 499 children aged 2.5 years old, who participated in dental health examinations held from May 2006 to January 2007 at a health center in Katano City, Osaka, Japan. A dental examination was performed based on caries diagnostic criteria of the Health Policy Bureau, Ministry of Welfare, Japan. Plaque samples were collected using a sterile cotton swab from the maxillary buccocervical surfaces by the same dental hygienist. Two hundred seventy two (54.5%) children who had Cariostat score below 1.5 were determined as low risk and 227 (45.5%) who had a score above 2.0 as high risk. For microbial screening, 100 children were randomly selected from the high and low risk groups. The presence of S. mutans and S. sobrinus were detected using PCR technique. Thirty seven (18.5%) children had S. mutans alone, 20 (10.0%) had S. sobrinus alone, 16 (8.0%) had both S. mutans and S. sobrinus, and 127 (63.5%) had neither S. mutans nor S. sobrinus. Cariogenic bacteria were detected more from high caries risk than low caries risk children. A larger number of S. sobrinus was found in children with high df numbers than low df numbers. In this study, it was shown that S. sobrinus was more closely related with high caries risk activity and high df numbers. oral microorganisms that have virulence factors related to cariogenicity 7,8). These bacteria are acidogenic, aciduric and produce specific intra-and extrapolysaccharides that facilitate microbial adherence on teeth 8,9-12). Their amount and virulence, together with the patient's age at which these bacteria were contracted, are important factors in determining the course of this disease 3,13-15). Therefore, the levels of Mutans streptococci are considered to be important indicators for assessment of caries risk or management of caries prevention 7,16). The genetic diversity of these cariogenic bacteria is still controversial 18) , some suggesting that S. mutans has been shown to be more prevalent 1,19,20) and others found that S. sobrinus is more closely related with high caries activity and seldom found without S. mutans 18,21,22). Furthermore, Kozai et al. 23) and Klien
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