Manystudies have shown that kidney transplant recipients have a higher incidence of cancers when compared with general population. However, most data on the posttransplant malignancies (PTM) are derived from Western literature and large population-based studies are rare. There is also lack of information about the posttransplant cancer-specific mortality rate. We conducted a population-based study of 4895 kidney transplants between 1972 and 2011, with data from the Hong Kong Renal Registry. Patterns of cancer incidence and mortality in our kidney transplant recipients were compared with those of the general population using standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) respectively. With 40 246 person-years of follow-up, 299 PTM was diagnosed. The SIR of all cancers was 2.94 (female 3.58 and male 2.58). Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), kidney, and bladder cancers had the highest SIRs. The overall SMR was 2.3 (female 3.4 and male 1.7) and the highest SMR was NHL. The patterns of PTM differ among countries. Increases in cancer incidence can now translate into similar increases in cancer mortality. NHL is important in our kidney transplant recipients. Strategies in cancer screening in selected patient groups are needed to improve transplant outcomes.

Background: Different studies in the past have shown that the risk of cancer development is increased in chronic dialysis patients. However, data concerning the cancer risk in Asian dialysis patients was scarce. More importantly, there was lack of information about the cancer-specific mortality in dialysis patients. Methods: A multicenter retrospective cohort study of 6,254 patients who started either chronic peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis between 1994 and 2014 in 4 renal units in Hong Kong. Patterns of cancer incidence and mortality in our dialysis patients were compared with those of the general population using standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) respectively. Results: With 14,887 person-years of follow-up, 220 cancers were recorded. The SIR of all cancers was 1.44 (95% CI 1.26-1.65). A trend of an increased SIR was observed in young patients and within the first year of dialysis. Colorectum was the most common site of cancer (20%) while kidney cancer carried the highest risk (SIR 12.28, 95% CI 8.44-17.08). The SMR of all cancers was 0.91 (95% CI 0.72-1.13) and only kidney cancer had higher cancer mortality risk (SMR 4.92, 95% CI 1.80-10.70). SMR was highest in young patients and then decreased with age. Conclusions: The incidence of cancers in our chronic dialysis patients was elevated. Our findings of substantially increased risks in young patients, particularly in relation to kidney cancer, suggest that we can adopt a more individualized approach to cancer screening in chronic dialysis patients.

Hong Kong nurses emphasized need for increased bereavement care knowledge and experience, improved communication skills, and greater hospital and team members' support. Findings may be used to improve support of nurses, to ensure sensitive bereavement care in perinatal settings, and to enhance nursing curricula.

Hong Kong nurses emphasized the need for increased bereavement care knowledge and experience, improved communication skills, and greater hospital and team members' support. Findings may be used to improve support of nurses, to ensure sensitive bereavement care in perinatal settings, and to enhance nursing curricula. The desire of Hong Kong nurses for bereavement education highlights the universality of grief for a lost infant, regardless of cultural differences in approaching emotional topics. This study may help nurses in the United States and elsewhere gain a broader perspective in this area.

Objectives: To replicate the association of 7 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; which were identified as strong association with IgAN in a genome-wide association study) and investigate whether the 7 SNPs influence the clinical manifestation and prognostic for IgAN patients, a case-control genetic study from an independent western Han cohort was conducted. Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from 521 patients with IgAN and 535 healthy controls, and TaqMan allelic discrimination assay was used to type SNP polymorphism. Traditional linear logistic regression analyses were used to detect 7 SNP associations in dominant, recessive and additive genetic models. Bonferroni correction was used to adjust the P-values for multiple testing. A total of 459 IgAN patients with integrated clinical data were investigated the relationship between the genotype and phenotype of IgAN. 315 IgAN patients were followed-up. Then, a retrospective cohort study of 315 IgAN patients was conducted to explore the relationship between genotype and the progression of renal disease over a mean period of 44.49 AE 19.94 months. Results: After Bonferroni correction, no significant SNP association was observed between IgAN patients and controls (Pc > 0.05). For genotypephenotype correlation studies, marginally significant association of rs 2856717 T/C recessive model for the T allele was significantly associated with eGFR (< 60 ml/min) of IgAN patients (P Z 0.008, Pc Z 0.056, OR Z 1.527). T allele at position of rs9275596 was significantly associated with macroscopic hematuria of IgAN patients under the dominant and additive models of inheritance (P < 0.001, Pc Z 0.007, OR Z 2.983) and (P < 0.001, Pc Z 0.007, OR Z 2.17), respectively. Results from Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients carrying the TT+TC genotype for rs2856717 had reduce renal survival rate than patients carrying the CC genotype (85.1% vs. 92.7%, P Z 0.046). Conclusion: Rs 2856717 may influence the clinical manifestations and poor outcome of IgAN. Further studies are required to definition of the mechanistic effects of genetic variants on clinical traits. http://dx. Objective:To investigate the effect of FK506 on IgAN rats with mesangial cell proliferation and its relationship with TRPC ion channels and calcineurin. Methods: IgAN model was established using "BSA + CCl 4 + LPS" method, in which rats were treated with 0.5, 1.0 mg/kg FK506 every day by intragastric administration for 2 weeks. We measured the hematuria, proteinuria and the renal function through the laboratory testing. HE staining were conducted to observe the pathological conditions. RT-PCR and Western Blotting were performed for detecting the rat renal cortical TRPC1, TRPC4/5, TRPC3/6/7 and calcineurin mRNA and protein expressions. Results: The levels of hematuria, proteinuria, serum BUN and sCr were elevated in IgAN group compared with normal group (P < 0.01), which could be ameliorated by treating with FK506 (P < 0.05), especially in high dose group (P < 0.01). HE staining showed that the degree of kidney pat...

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This article aims to explore Hong Kong-based midwives' attitudes towards perinatal bereavement care and identify their required support and bereavement care training needs. It is based on a study of 93 certified midwives working in an obstetrics and gynaecology unit in one of Hong Kong Island's largest public hospitals. Data were collected through a structured self-administrated questionnaire. The study measured: midwives' attitudes towards perinatal bereavement support; required support and bereavement care training needs. The main findings were that the majority of this study's sample held a positive attitude towards bereavement care and there was a significant difference in attitudes towards perinatal bereavement support in terms of demographics, practical experiences and training factors.