Aim The study aims to assess the effectiveness of oral health education on oral hygiene status among schizophrenic patients. Methods and results A randomized parallel controlled trial was conducted among schizophrenic patients (n = 111) with BPR score of ≤ 48 to assess the role of oral health education on their oral hygiene status. The experimental group (n = 56) received oral health education while the control group (n = 55) were administered standard care advice. Reinforcement in the form of printed calendar was done after 1 month followed by final assessment of KAP (knowledge, attitude and practice) through DCBS (Dental Coping Beliefs Scale), while oral hygiene through the oral hygiene index done after 2 months. Majority of subjects were males with mean age of 34.73 ± 9.9 years and mean duration of illness of 6.41 ± 5.2 years. All domains of the modified DCBS showed significant improvement in the experimental group. Frequency of brushing twice a day increased from 5.4% to 23.2% (p < 0.05) in the experimental group. DI score was 2.28 ± 0.93 versus 2.98 ± 1.3 (p < 0.02) in the experimental group as compared to the control group. Conclusion The oral health education with reinforcement in the form of printed calendar although showed statistically significant changes but lacked clinical importance.
Background:There is a lack of national level data from India on prescription of psychotropics by psychiatrists.Aim and Objective:This study aimed to assess the first prescription handed over to the psychiatrically ill patients whenever they contact a psychiatrist.Materials and Methods:Data were collected across 11 centers. Psychiatric diagnosis was made as per the International Classification of Diseases Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders 10th edition criteria based on Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, and the data of psychotropic prescriptions was collected.Results:Study included 4480 patients, slightly more than half of the subjects were of male (54.8%) and most of the participants were married (71.8%). Half of the participants were from the urban background, and about half (46.9%) were educated up to or beyond high school. The most common diagnostic category was that of affective disorders (54.3%), followed by Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders (22.2%) and psychotic disorders (19.1%). Other diagnostic categories formed a very small proportion of the study participants. Among the antidepressants, most commonly prescribed antidepressant included escitalopram followed by sertraline. Escitalopram was the most common antidepressant across 7 out of 11 centers and second most common in three centers. Among the antipsychotics, the most commonly prescribed antipsychotic was olanzapine followed by risperidone. Olanzapine was the most commonly prescribed antipsychotic across 6 out of 11 centers and second most common antipsychotic across rest of the centers. Among the mood stabilizers valproate was prescribed more often, and it was the most commonly prescribed mood stabilizer in 8 out of 11 centers. Clonazepam was prescribed as anxiolytic about 5 times more commonly than lorazepam. Clonazepam was the most common benzodiazepine prescribed in 6 out of the 11 centers. Rate of polypharmacy was low.Conclusion:Escitalopram is the most commonly prescribed antidepressant, olanzapine is the most commonly prescribed antipsychotic and clonazepam is most commonly prescribed benzodiazepine. There are very few variations in prescription patterns across various centers.
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