Introduction: The risk of occupational injury and accident is more prominent in the construction industry than in other sectors. These accidents and injuries are the results of a low level of awareness and limited practice of safety measures. So, the main aim of this study was to assess the awareness and practices on occupational safety among the building construction workers.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 384 building construction workers of Pokhara Metropolitan. Multi-stage sampling technique was used. Face-to-face interview and interview schedule was the data collection technique and tool. The questionnaire was pre-tested among (10%) of the total sample. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of Pokhara University.
Results: This study showed that most of the workers (94.8%) were aware of the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). The majority of the workers (63.8%) had poor levels of practice of PPE. The practice of PPE was significantly associated with the marital status, work experience, work hours, First aid kit facilities, Insurance services, awareness of the use of PPE, PPE availability, awareness about the occupational health problems, and workplace safety training.
Conclusion: Most of the workers were aware of the use of safety measures but the practice of safety measures was poor. Marital status, awareness of safety measures, and so on were found to be significantly associated with the practice of PPE. Construction companies should implement the compulsory use of PPE to prevent accidents and injuries at construction sites.
The removal of Cr(VI) from the water was studied using raw and modified banana peels and pseudostem wastes as bio-adsorbent under the batch adsorption technique at room temperature. The chemical modification of raw adsorbents was performed by treating them with concentrated sulphuric acid. Characterizations were performed by FTIR, XRD, and SEM analyses. The raw form of adsorbents showed insignificant adsorption compared to the charred form. Therefore, the further process was carried out using modified adsorbents only. The maximum adsorption capacity for charred banana peel (CBP) and charred banana pseudostem (CBS)was found to be maximum at optimum equilibrium pH 2. The adsorption data fitted well with the Langmuir adsorption model and followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. Therefore, owing to high efficiency and low cost with maximum removal percentage, thus prepared adsorbents are expected to be used satisfactorily in the adsorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions.
A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been optimized for the determination of phosphate in the presence of arsenate. This method is based on the formation of phosphomolybdate complex from phosphate and added molybdate ion in an acidic medium, followed by the reduction of the complex with hydrazine hydrate. The system obeys Lambert-Beer’s law in the concentration range 60-1080 ppb. The optimized volume of different reagents was 3.5 mL of 0.25% ammonium molybdate, 1.5 mL of 0.25 N sulfuric acids, and 1 mL of 0.5 M of hydrazine hydrate. The time required for the full-color development was 15 minutes at 30oC. The arsenate interference was successfully removed by using sodium thiosulphate and sodium metabisulfite below the arsenic concentration of 100 ppb. 0.2 mL of 1 M sodium metabisulfite and 1 mL of 0.1 M sodium thiosulphate were found to be the optimum volume for inhibiting arsenate interference below 100 ppb arsenate concentration.
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