Women all around the world hold a major role in the economic and social development of its nation. The multiple roles and overlapping responsibilities she has, to support her family financially, emotionally and physically takes a toll on her physical, emotional and mental health. Stress levels are higher in middle aged working women as there is a shift from adulthood to old age and as a result the physical contributions by the body in response to the mental stress increases with age and professional variance. The stress levels of the same age group differ according to their professional competencies. Stress is also considered as a part of the package with City life. The significance of this study is to identify the psycho-social issues related to stress in middle-aged working women at the city level, the underlying causes and levels that stress affects the human body and to identify the salient features of stress and hence determine the respondents" perception and response to the different levels of it. Based on this regard, identify its implication and help women face stress with a positive attitude, and use different remedial measures and interventions to enhance their life and well-being.
Introduction Worldwide, illicit drug use and substance dependency will remain important public health problems during the next decades. Clinical evidence suggests that sex workers (SW) are a high risk group with increased prevalence. The study describes the state of affairs regarding monitoring illegal drug use among female sex workers in Europe and the existing gaps in our knowledge about the prevalence of use and dependency. Methods Literature review: literature published between 2000 and 2009 was searched with PubMed. Moreover, the National Reports (N¼222) provided yearly by the National Focal Points to the European Monitoring Centre on Drugs and Drug Addiction, were reviewed. Results Prevalence estimates of illicit drug use in SW were found regarding 16 countries. Levels of illicit drug use and substance dependency were found to be high compared to the general population and differed by geographical area, age and working environment. Available data suggest a trend towards increasing illicit drug use among SW in Europe. Conclusion There is substantial evidence that prevalence of illicit drug use and substance dependency are considerable higher in SW. However, because most European countries lack surveys and surveillance systems that provide solid estimates of drug use in this vulnerable population, additional research is needed. Feasibility of monitoring drug use by population-specific health services should be studied as this approach would facilitate timely interventions.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.