The paving block is part of pavement system that is widely used by people in Indonesia. Paving blocks are common in urban and rural communities. Paving blocks are very easy to make and easy to apply. Standard way of making a paving block based on SNI 03-0691-1996 method is a mixture of cement, sand/gravel and water. Excessive use of natural materials has an impact on the sustainability of the natural environment. This problem can be solved with various innovations without having to reduce the quality of paving and the pavement itself. Wiwoho, M. S., et. al., [1][2] has conducted preliminary research using bamboo materials instead of aggregates. Whilst Bamboo trees are fast-growing plants and are widely used as merely buffer buildings. So, Bamboo waste materials have not been used optimally enough. The methodology used is that unused bamboo materials being cut in to the size of the required model. The use of bamboo material as a mixture in paving block has adjusted the size, and its composition. The result of this research is that paving blocks made from bamboo trees can meet SNI 03-0691-1996 standard with D quality. Thus, paving blocks can meet eligibility requirements, reasonably enough.
Inspection of crack width prediction procedures proposed by various investigators indicates that each formula contains a different set of variables. A literature review also suggests that there is no general agreement among various investigators on the relative significance of different variables affecting the crack width, despite the large number of experimental work carried out during the past few decades. An analytical method is developed to determine the concrete stress distribution near flexural cracks in reinforced concrete one-way slabs and used to investigate the effects of various variables on the spacing and width of cracks. The formula is developed using a large number of curvature values calculated from the concrete and steel strains at various sections between adjacent cracks for a number of composite precast deck slabs. The present method of incorporating the tension stiffening effect is verified by comparing calculated fracture mechanic and those measured by other investigators. The curvature values at sections between adjacent cracks are calculated using an empirical formula. Development of this formula is based on the curvature values calculated using the concrete and steel strains at various sections between successive cracks, for a number of slabs. Using the curvature values evaluated by the proposed formula, short-term deflections were determined for a large number of flexural members and the results were compared with those measured by other investigators. This comparison indicated that the present method of incorporating the tension stiffening effect in fracture mechanic calculations is acceptable. Keywords: crack width; formula; fracture mechanic; deflection.
The use of precast concrete is planned on work structure tie beam, columns, beams, and slab for precast systems have the advantage in terms time and cost efficiency compared to conventional systems (cast in place) to reach the targets that have been planned by the government.The purpose is to find out the cost efficiency and time usage precast. The cost analysis was obtained from the multiplication of bill of quantity and the work volume. To find a network using the Precedence Diagram Method (PDM) which was processed through Microsoft Project 2007 software then arranged in Bar Chart. The Bar Chart was arranged in the S-Curve with Microsoft Excel 2007 software. From the calculations, total project cost is IDR 13,300,074,303.07 with the cost efficiency IDR 604,137,428.00 or 4.34% less than the conventional method and the duration is 214 days with the time efficiensy 86 workdays or 28.67% quicker than the conventional method.Keywords: pre-cast concrete, cost, time, efficiency
Pada era globalisasi ini, konstruksi di Indonesia mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan terhadap fasilitas dan infrastruktur terutama dalam bidang beton. Sumenep salah satu kabupaten di Madura yang dikelilingi pesisir pantai dengan hasil laut kerang darah yang melimpah dan limbah cangkang kerang yang dihasilkan pun semakin banyak. Menggiling limbah cangkang kerang darah menjadi ukuran yang halus bisa digunakan sebagai bahan substitusi pasir terhadap beton normal. Kegiatan penggilingan ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Jurusan Teknik Sipil, Politeknik Negeri Malang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik beton dengan substitusi limbah cangkang kerang darah terhadap pasir tinjauan pengujian kuat tekan beton dan daya serap beton. Metode penelitian meliputi: pengujian sifat fisik agregat dan cangkang kerang darah, perancangan campuran beton menggunakan referensi SNI 03-2834-2000. Sampel penelitian untuk setiap variasi 0%, 7%, 9%, dan 12% berjumlah 18 benda uji silinder untuk pengujian kuat tekan beton dan 4 benda uji silinder untuk pengujian daya serap beton. Hasil pengujian kuat tekan umur 28 hari secara berturut-turut untuk variasi 0%, 7%, 9%, dan 12% sebesar 34,47 kg/cm2; 32,20 kg/cm2; 32,16 kg/cm2; 32,56 kg/cm2. Hasil pengujian daya serap beton umur 28 hari secara berturut-turut untuk variasi 0%, 7%, 9%, dan 12% sebesar 4,94%; 4,19%; 4,66%; 3,20%. Substitusi limbah cangkang kerang darah menurunkan nilai kuat tekan beton rata-rata dan nilai daya serap beton rata-rata. Kata kunci: Limbah cangkang kerang darah, kuat tekan beton, daya serap beton.
Musholla Darul Ulum merupakan salah satu tempat ibadah masyarakat warga RT.03 RW.06 Kelurahan Merjosari Malang. Kondisi atap saat ini banyak yang bocor jika terjadi hujan, disebabkan karena rangka atap dan penutup atap rusak. Untuk meningkatkan kenyamanan masyarakat RT.03 dalam beribadah maka warga berencana untuk memperbaiki atap musholla. Perbaikan atap dilakukan dengan cara mengganti atap lama menjadi atap beton. Untuk itu Ketua takmir musholla sebagai wakil dari warga RT.03 meminta bantuan tim PKM Politeknik Negeri Malang untuk memberikan bantuan teknis perencanaan atap beton musholla berikut rencana anggaran biayanya agar warga setempat dapat menyiapkan semua kebutuhan untuk perbaikan atap tersebut. Hasil yang didapat dari kegiatan PKM ini yaitu perencanaan plat atap beton menggunakan mutu beton fc’ 25 Mpa, mutu baja fy 250 Mpa, tebal plat beton 15 mm dengan selimut beton 20 mm, menggunakan tulangan diameter 10 mm jarak 200 mm, dan perencanaan balok dengan dimensi balok lebar 20 mm dan tinggi 40 mm dengan selimut beton 30 mm, menggunakan mutu beton fc’ 250 Mpa, mutu baja polos fy 240 Mpa untuk tulangan geser dengan diameter 8 mm dan jarak 170 mm, dan mutu baja deform fy 400 Mpa untuk tulangan lentur sejumlah 2 tulangan atas dan 2 tulangan bawah 2D13. Metode pelaksanaan pekerjaan atap musholla menggunakan beton yang dibuat dengan menggunakan mesin mollen kapasitas 1 m3, pengangkutan beton segar menggunakan mesin katrol kapasitas 1 m3, penuangan beton menggunakan talang yang dibantu pekerja untuk mendistribusikan dan meratakan permukaan beton, pemadatan beton menggunakan vibrator, dan perawatan beton setelah pengecoran dengan cara menutupnya dengan terpal dan sesekali disemprot dengan air. Rencana anggaran biaya renovasi atap Musholla Darul Ulum sejumlah Rp 85.517.000,00 (Delapan puluh lima juta lima ratus tujuh belas ribu rupiah).
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