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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and conditioned medium (CM) derived from human umbilical blood cord stem cells (HUBSC) are now being extensively utilized. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) have the same ability as HUBSC as an option for autologous therapy. In addition, cell therapy using HUVECs may produce protective signals for cerebral vessels and promote neuronal survival after hypoxic–ischemic damage. HUVECs have the same anatomical and physiological structure as bovine umbilical vein endothelial cells (BUVECs). In this study, we aim to determine the ability of BUVEC-CM to reduce inflammation and apoptosis on in vitro neurodegeneration models (PC12 and SH-SY5Y cell lines). BUVEC-CM obtained from the third and fourth passages were analyzed using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS), while the other part was used as a treatment for in vitro model neurodegeneration. The PC12 and SH-SY5Y cell lines were cultured and grouped into seven different treatments, including untreated cells. As the treatment group, cells were given TMT 10 µM in the presence of different doses of CM (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%); as a control comparison of recent therapy, donepezil was used. In addition, cells with the administration of TMT 10 µM were run as a positive control. Cell viability assay (CCK-8) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed to identify the viability and expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), caspase-3, and caspase-9 for both PC12 and SH-SY5Y cells. The results showed that BUVEC-CM could significantly reduce IL-1β expression and downregulate caspase-3 and caspase-9, as well as when compared to the donepezil group. Taken together, these results indicate that BUVEC-CM can be used as a potential candidate for neuroprotective agents by reducing the activity of IL-1β and the expression of caspase-9 and caspase-3 in PC12 and SH-SY5Y cells induced by TMT. However, further research still needs to be conducted.

Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio is used to analyse stress levels before the method of measuring glucocorticoid levels in blood plasma exists. The study aims to determine the neutrophil to lymphocyte (N/L) ratio in Sapera goats during a clinically normal gestation and lactation period. The samples were obtained from 12 Sapera goats in three-month gestation period and 12 Sapera goats in three-month lactation period. Blood samples taken via jugular veins were used as the preparation of blood smears to calculate the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio. The average calculation result of theN/L ratio in the lactation group (0.47 ± 0.23) was higher (p<0.05) than the gestation group (0.19 ± 0.12) with a positive moderate correlation (r = 0.59). The conclusion of this study indicates that while being in the normal range, the N/L ratio in Sapera goats during lactation period was higher than the ratio in Sapera goats during gestation period.