Background: Pimenta dioica L. Merrill is a tree whose fruits are used as a spice due to their culinary and therapeutic uses. Conventional propagation techniques using seeds and cuttings do not guarantee the phytosanitary quality of this crop. Therefore, the use of Plant Tissue Culture techniques are an option for in vitro establishment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different antioxidant agents (Methylene blue, L-cysteine and silver nanoparticles) added to MS (Murashige and Skoog) culture medium at different concentrations (0, 50, 100 and 200 mg L-1) during axenic establishment of buds used as explants of P. dioica. Results: The percentage of survival, oxidation and contamination was determined, as well as the content of soluble phenols, cell wall-linked phenols, antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation. Results showed significant differences among the different antioxidants for the evaluated variables; the highest survival occurred in the treatments with the addition of L-cysteine with percentages greater than 40 %, while the lowest survival occurred in the control treatment, 100 and 200 mg L-1 methylene blue, with 0, 3.3 and 0% survival, respectively. The highest percentage of oxidation was observed in the control treatments, 100 and 200 mg L-1 methylene blue with 96.67% oxidation, while the lowest percentages were observed in explants treated with L-cysteine, with 30% oxidation. Treatments with 100 and 200 mg L-1 AgNPs had the lowest contamination values, with 20%. Biochemical determinations showed that L-cysteine and 50 and 100 mgL-1 AgNPs resulted in an increase in the content of soluble phenols. The highest contents of cell wall-linked phenols were obtained in treatments with 200 mg L-1 methylene blue, L-cysteine, and 200 mg L-1 AgNPs. Analysis of antioxidant capacity revealed that all treatments had a reaction of scavenging / reduction mechanisms free radicals. Regarding lipid peroxidation, the highest content of malondialdehydes was observed in the control treatment and 200 mgL-1 methylene blue. Conclusion: the addition of L-cysteine to the culture medium showed a higher survival rate, decreased oxidation, greater production of phenolic compounds, increased antioxidant capacity and decreased lipid peroxidation, this amino acid being an alternative to reduce oxidation during in vitro introduction of allspice and other species that exhibit recalcitrance in vitro during establishment.
Drosera, is one of the most numerous genera of carnivorous plants. It has been reported to have pharmacological activities such as anticancer, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory. However, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity have been poorly studied. Five specimens were in vitro propagated (D. binata, D. capensis Alba, D. capensis All Red, D. spatulata and D. spatulata x nidiformis) and acclimatized for three months. Total phenolic content (TPC) was quantified by the Folin-Ciocalteu test and the antioxidant capacity of the hydromethanolic extracts against the free radical 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was determined. In vitro plantlets of D. capensis All Red showed the highest TPC (3.32 ± 0.07 mg GAE/g) determined in dry weight. While, the highest antioxidant capacity determined in fresh weight, was obtained in D. capensis All Red and D. spatulata with 692.36 ± 66.91 and 665.14 ± 41.82 TE/g, respectively. The acclimatized plantlets of D. spatulata x nidiformis showed the highest TPC and the highest antioxidant capacity (both evaluated in fresh weight), with 6.13 ± 0.07 mg GAE/g ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Objective: To evaluate the effect of different antioxidant agents during in vitro establishment of allspice (Pimenta dioica L. Merrill). Design/methodology/approach: The effect of different antioxidant agents (Methylene blue, L-cysteine, and silver nanoparticles [AnNPs]) added to Murashige and Skoog culture medium at different concentrations were studied during axenic establishment of P. dioica. A completely randomized experimental design was used. All trials were performed in triplicate. The percentage of survival, oxidation, contamination was determined, the phenols content, antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation. Results: The highest survival occurred with the addition of L-cysteine. The lowest percentages oxidation were observed in explants treated with L-cysteine. Treatments with 100 and 200 mg L-1 AgNPs had the lowest contamination values. L-cysteine and 50 and 100 mg L-1 AgNPs resulted in an increase in the content of soluble phenols. The highest contents of cell wall-linked phenols were obtained in treatments with 200 mg L-1 methylene blue, L-cysteine, and 200 mg L-1 AgNPs. In this study, all treatments had a reaction of scavenging/reduction mechanisms free radicals. The highest content of malondialdehydes was observed in the control treatment and 200 mg L-1 methylene blue. The highest content of malondialdehydes was observed in the control treatment and 200 mg L-1 methylene blue. Limitations on study/implications: The highest percentage of oxidation was observed in the control treatments, 100 and 200 mg L-1 methylene blue, causing cell death. Findings/conclusions: The addition of L-cysteine to the culture medium is alternative to reduce oxidation during in vitro introduction of P. dioica.
Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal activity of hydroethanolic extracts of Dionaea muscipula J. Ellis against bacteria models and fungi of agricultural importance. Design/Methodology/Approach: In vitro plants of D. muscipula were propagated and acclimatized for three months. The antibacterial activity of the hydroethanolic extracts against Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus was evaluated, and the antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum and Pseudocercospora fijiensis. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out to compare the means obtained with Tukey’s test (p≤0.05). Results: The hydroethanolic extracts of in vitro and acclimatized D. muscipula presented bacteriostatic activity against the bacteria E. coli (65.20 and 69.78 % of inhibition) and B. cereus (91.75 and 92.61 % of inhibition), and antifungal activity against the fungus P. fijiensis of 7.56 and 14.21 % of inhibition, respectively. Study Limitations/Implications: The hydroethanolic extracts of in vitro and acclimatized D. muscipula did not show antifungal activity against A. niger and F. oxysporum. Findings/Conclusions: The hydroethanolic extracts of in vitro and acclimatized D. muscipula presented bacteriostatic activity against bacteria E. coli and B. cereus and antifungal activity against the fungus P. fijiensis.
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