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Nowadays climate change is one of the major concerning factors due to increasing temperature throughout the world. Carbon dioxide is a significant gas in the greenhouse effect which leads to global warming. The construction industries released 40% carbon emissions from thermal calcium carbonate decomposition especially in cement production and combustion of fossil fuels of non-renewable energy. Renewable energy acts a vital part in the evolution of sustainability. Bioenergy has been deliberated carbon neutral as the released carbon is absorbed by flora. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the pozzolanic properties of waste ash and the performance of concrete. Ash is a by-product produced from various resources such as rice husk, wood, coal, sawdust combustion, etc. Waste ash is reused as supplementary material in eco-friendly concrete production. This helps for the disposal of waste as well as contributes the sustainability by reducing carbon emission into the environment.

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Groundwater stored in large cavities and channels of Miocene limestone is the only source of portable water in Jaffna Peninsula, Sri Lanka. It is increasingly exploited and polluted by various contaminants that results in less availability of potable water. Nitrate contamination in drinking water is one of the major concerns which causes severe health impacts, such as methemoglobinemia especially in infants and oesophageal and stomach cancers. The current nitrate levels in drinking water in Jaffna peninsula are much higher than the WHO and SLS levels. The nitrate-N content of groundwater in the Jaffna Peninsula ranges from 0.1 to 45 mg/L as per the literature though the permissible nitrate-N level in drinking water is 10 mg/L. Further, the nitrate concentration in groundwater varies seasonally and is found to be higher during the wet season than the dry season. Research studies carried out at different localities in the Peninsula from 1983 to 2018 have shown that nitrate content of groundwater has increased over this period. A recent investigation in the Chunnakam area revealed nitrate-N level of 45 ppm. Hence, nitrate contamination of groundwater in the Jaffna Peninsula is found to be the most challenging issue in the water management system.