Varios estudios han declarado que las actitudes de las personas hacia la donación de órganos están influenciadas por factores como el conocimiento, la educación y la religión. Muchas personas podrían donar si supieran los beneficios de la donación de órganos en lugar de desperdiciarla. Esa es la razón por la que este estudio se propone determinar el conocimiento, las actitudes y las creencias hacia la donación de órganos entre los usuarios de redes sociales brasileños y ecuatorianos. Se realizó un estudio transversal, evaluado a través de una encuesta autoadministrada, anónima y validada, y distribuido a través de las redes sociales. Cuatrocientos ocho individuos participaron en esta encuesta, 72 (17.6%) eran brasileños y 336 (82.4%) ecuatorianos. Las edades de los participantes estaban entre 18 y 59 años; 360 (88.2%) participantes estaban dispuestos a donar un órgano, mientras que solo 300 (73.5%) estuvieron de acuerdo dar su consentimiento para donar los órganos de sus familiares fallecidos (p <0.001), y 48 (11.8%) de esas personas no estaban dispuestas tener una identificación de donante (p <0.001). Con respecto al conocimiento sobre la muerte cerebral, 320 (78.4%) considerarán que el corazón continuará latiendo y 306 (75%) afirman que las personas con muerte cerebral permanecerán en coma; 359 (88%) personas recibieron información sobre trasplantes y donaciones de órganos a través de la televisión, las redes sociales y los periódicos impresos. Con base en los resultados de esta investigación y analizándolos, podemos concluir que existe una gran disposición de la población estudiada para convertirse en donante de órganos y recibir más información sobre este tema.
Countries have reported that people's attitudes towards organ donation are influenced by knowledge, education and religion. In Ecuador, more than 800 patients are on the waiting list for an organ; likewise, the population does not recognize the importance of the donation. Although, since 2011, the Organic Law of Donation and Transplantation of Organs, Tissues and Cells states that all Ecuadorians are donors, but still, the high number of people on the waiting list is not well understood. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors towards organ donation of students and lecturers of the Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador. This is a cross-sectional study, and the universe was the entire population; however, only 469 (students) and 321 (lecturers) answered, despite our efforts. We applied an anonymously validated questionnaire, and we sent it for five months by email. 89.8% of students and lecturers agreed with the donation; however, 10.2% of the students refused, and 14.6% of lecturers were undecided (p < 0.001). The highest hesitation was found in the age group between 36-64 years (14.2%), while the most refusal was found in the young adult, 9.4%. 40.1% of them alluded to have regular knowledge, while 27.9% claimed to have low knowledge about organ donation (p = 0.016). Based on their opinion, 65.9% said that a person with brain death could not recover, although 26.9% did not know (p = 0.023). 38.9% affirmed they did not know if their religions agreed with the donation. 78.5% claimed the best methods could increase the number of donors is education. Public health in Ecuador does not have sufficient regulations through its state policies that should favour recipients. If each citizen knows that their organs save lives, the waiting list will decrease, and state expenditures will reduce. However, the populations' beliefs are still related to an abuse of authority to donate organs without the consent of relatives. Key messages With better strategies to increase awareness of the importance of organ donation, great results. It will increase survival rates, improve quality of life and decrease health expenses.
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