RESUMO: Miotonia é o fenômeno da diminuição da velocidade de relaxamento muscular após contração, estímulo mecânico ou elétrico. As miotonias congênitas são afecções hereditárias e não apresentam distrofia muscular. Atualmente, a tendência é agrupá-las como doenças de canais iônicos, juntamente com as paralisias periódicas. Foram acompanhados sete pacientes, seis do sexo masculino e um do sexo feminino, com idade entre 16 e 48 anos (média 27 anos) e início dos sintomas entre 1 e 10 anos (média S anos), que apresentavam fenômeno miotônico desencadeado por contração intensa e hipertrofia muscular global. Três pacientes foram diagnosticados como miotonia generalizada tipo Becker por apresentarem herança autossômica recessiva e/ou episódios transitórios de fraqueza muscular. Dois pacientes correspondiam à miotonia congênita de Thomsen, com padrão de herança autossômica dominante e/ou ausência de episódios de fraqueza ou fatores de piora. Dois pacientes apresentavam miotonia flutuante, piorando com o frio e/ou ingestão de potássio. O diagnóstico clínico foi confirmado através de exames complementares (eletroneuromiografia, biópsia muscular e estudo do DNA). Cada paciente fez uso de diferentes drogas, no sentido de procurar o máximo de melhora da miotonia. Houve cinco relatos de melhora com difenil-hidantoína, um com carbamazepina, três com acetazolamida, um com bloqueador de canal de cálcio, um com beta-adrenérgico, um com tiazídico e nenhum com quinidina/procainamida. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: miotonia; doenças de canais iônicos; paralisias periódicas; moléstia de Thomsen. Congenital myotonia: report of seven patientsABSTRACT: Myotonia is the phenomenon of decrease of muscular relaxation rate, after either a contraction or a mechanical or electrical stimulus. Congenital myotonias are hereditary affections and do not present muscular dystrophy. The current trend is to group them as ionic channels diseases, together with the periodic paralysis.The authors accompanied the cases of seven patients, six males and one female, with ages ranging from 16 to 48 years (average 27 years) and onset of symptons between 1 and 10 years (average 5 years). These patients presented a myotonic phenomenon unleashed by intensive contraction and global muscular hypertrophy. Three patients were diagnosed as cases of Becker type generalized myotonia because they presented a recessive autosomic heredity and/or transient episodes of muscular weakness. Two patients fitted the description of Thomsen congenital myotonia, with a pattern of dominating autosomic heredity and/or absence of weakness episodes or worsening factors for their condition.Two patients presented fluctuating myotonia, which became worse in cold weather or at potassium intake. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed through complementary tests (electroneuromyography, muscle biopsy and DNA study). Each of the patients made use of different drugs, in the search of optimal lessening of their myotonia. There were five reports of amelioration with the use of diphenilhydantoine; one report with t...
Clarification of TP53 alterations is important to understand the mechanisms underlying the development of diffuse astrocytomas. It has been suggested that the alleles of TP53 at codon 72 differ in their ability to induce apoptosis in human cancers. The aim of this study was to analyze the possible association of TP53 mutation, p53 overexpression, and p53 codon 72 polymorphism with susceptibility to apoptosis in adult Brazilian patients with diffuse astrocytomas. We analyzed 56 surgical specimens of diffuse astrocytomas for alterations of TP53, using polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) direct sequencing. p53 and cleaved caspase 3 protein expression were assessed by immunohistochemistry. We found TP53 mutations in 19.6% (11 out of 56) of tumors tested, with the lowest mutation rate found in the cases of glioblastomas (8.8%) (p = 0.03). Only 16.1% of tumors tested showed cleaved caspase 3-positive staining, demonstrating that apoptosis is very inhibited in these tumors. All tumors having TP53 mutation and p53 accumulation had no expression of cleaved caspase 3. Additionally, no association was observed in tumors having proline and arginine alleles and expression of cleaved caspase 3. We concluded that clarification of the TP53 alterations allows a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the progression of diffuse astrocytomas, and the allele status at codon 72 was not associated with apoptosis in these tumors.
RESUMO -Os autores relatam o caso de paciente do sexo feminino de 18 anos de idade com fraqueza lentamente progressiva nos quatro membros desde a infância, sem antecedentes relevantes. O exame neurológico mostrou déficit motor discreto proximal e distal com retração muscular leve ao nível de ombros, cotovelos, articulações coxo-femurais, joelhos e tornozelos; hipotrofia muscular nas pernas e pés: reflexos presentes e sensibilidade normal. Creatinofosfoquinase com aumento de uma vez e meia o valor normal. Eletroneuromiografia: diminuição de amplitude e duração dos potenciais de ação e traçado de interferência paradoxal, compatíveis com afecção muscular primária. Biópsia muscular em congelação (HE, Gomori, PAS, ATPases, NADH, SDH, fosfatases ácida e alcalina, citocromo-c-oxidase e Oil-red-O) revelou afecção muscular primária caracterizada pela presença de corpos nemalínicos e corpos intracitoplasmáticos esferóides. Os corpos nemalínicos podem ser encontrados com diferentes alterações das fibras musculares, porém essa associação é rara. Este é o segundo relato da associação entre corpos nemalínicos e esferóides. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: miopatia nemalínica, corpos intracitoplasmáticos esferóides.Nemalinic myopathy with intracytoplasmic spheroid bodies: case report ABSTRACT -The authors report the case of a female patient, 18 years of age, with slowly progressing weakness in upper and lower limbs since childhood. There were no significant antecedents. The neurologic examination showed mild proximal and distal motor deficit with a slight muscular retraction at the level of shoulders, elbows, coxofemural joints, knees and ankles; muscular hypotrophy in the legs and feet; reflexes were present and sensitivity was normal. Creatinephosphokinase showed an increase of one and a half times the normal value. Electroneuromyography: decrease in the amplitude and duration of action potentials and excessive recruitment of motor units, compatible with a primary muscular disease. A muscle biopsy with frozen sections (HE, Gomori, PAS, ATPases, NADH, SDH, acid and alcaline phosphatases, cytochrome oxidase and Oil-red-o) revealed a primary muscular disease characterized by the presence of nemalinic and intracytoplasmic spheroid bodies. Nemalinic bodies have been described with different structural abnormalities of muscle fibers; however, such association is rare. This is the second case report of concomitant occurrence of nemalinic and spheroid bodies. KEY-WORDS: nemalinic myopathy, intracytoplasmic spheroid bodies.As miopatias congênitas são doenças musculares geneticamente determinadas, definidas em bases morfológicas por alteração estrutural da fibra muscular aparentemente específica, com Clínica Neurológica do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo: *Médico Estagiário, **Médico Assistente Doutor, ***Médico Assistente, ****Professor Associado. Aceite: 11-outubro-1995 Dra. Helga Cristina Almeida Azevedo -Avenida 11 de Junho 911 apto 811 -04041-053 São Paulo SP -Brasil.
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