Objective To analyze the infant mortality trend in a metropolitan area, from 1984 to 1998. The main focus was on avoidable causes of neonatal and post-neonatal mortality. Methods Sources of data were the Sistema de Informações em Mortalidade do Ministério da Saúde (SIM-MS) [Mortality Information System of the Ministry of Health] and Fundação Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) [Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics Foundation] (official live birth and death records) for the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte, in the State of Minas Gerais. A simple linear regression model was used to evaluate time-trends of mortality rates. Statistical significance of the inclination of the regression curves was considered for the p<0.05 level. Results During the 15 year period in question, the infant mortality rate declined from 48.5 to 22.1/1,000 live births. However, the most accentuated decrease was observed during the last four years of the study period. The post-neonatal group was greatly responsible for this decline both in the capital and in the other districts within the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte. Conclusions Although a significant decrease in the infant mortality rate has been observed, particularly in the post-neonatal mortality, it is still larger than the rates found in developed countries. Deaths due to perinatal morbidities as well as the group of causes represented by diarrhea-pneumonia-malnutrition still present an important potential for reduction. The authors discuss the role of the health services in improving the rates of these avoidable causes of infant mortality.
Objective: Describing the demographic and epidemiological aspects of mortality from cancer of the penis. Methods: A cross-sectional study consisting of 183 deaths registered in a public information system on mortality that had penile cancer as the primary cause of mortality. It was used descriptive statistics and the mortality rate was calculated. Results: The mean coefficient of mortality was 0.45/100,000 that is an increase of 19.04%. The demographic data revealed a higher prevalence in men aged 60 years or older (50.8%), brown (54.1%), married (47.6%), retired (24%) and residents of the metropolitan region (44.8%). Conclusion: The demographic and epidemiological aspects revealed increase of mortality rates from cancer in the penis. ResumoObjetivo: Descrever os aspectos demográficos e epidemiológicos da mortalidade por câncer no pênis. Métodos: Estudo transversal constituído por 183 óbitos registrados em um sistema público de informação sobre mortalidade que tiveram como causa básica de morte o câncer no pênis. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva e foi calculado o coeficiente de mortalidade. Resultados: O coeficiente de mortalidade médio foi de 0,45/100 mil, com acréscimo de 19,04%. Os dados sociodemográficos revelaram um maior acometimento nos homens na faixa etária de 60 anos ou mais (50,8%), da cor parda (54,1%), casados (47,6%), aposentados (24%) e residentes em região metropolitana (44,8%). Conclusão: Os aspectos demográficos e epidemiológicos revelaram aumento no coeficiente de mortalidade por câncer no pênis.
Additional efforts towards maintaining early detection and health education programs and towards using therapeutic strategies of greater efficiency are needed, given that mortality due to this form of cancer is considered avoidable when diagnosed early.
Resumo Objetivo Descrever as mortes por acidentes, suicídios e homicídios entre gestantes e puérperas. Métodos Estudo retrospectivo de 169 óbitos (108 de gestantes e 61 puérperas) no estado de Pernambuco entre os anos de 2006 e 2014 com uso da fonte de dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM). Resultados Homicídios foram o principal tipo de violência em gestantes (34,9%) e puérperas (23,1%). Os óbitos ocorreram na faixa etária de 20 a 49 anos (n = 122; 72,2%), em mulheres de raça/cor não branca (n = 141; 83,4%) e sem companheiro (n = 129; 76,3%). Conclusão A investigação dos óbitos por causas externas durante o período gravídico-puerperal fornece informações úteis para a implementação de estratégias de prevenção da violência.
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