The pace of life connected to our biological rhythms (tempo), our subjective perception of the past, present and future (temporality) and what we do with our time and why (time use) are central to philosophies of occupation Fossey 2003). However, although Farnworth (2003) argued that these aspects of time are the essence of occupational therapy's business, she was critical that occupational therapists are not developing their expertise in this area, which would enable them to distinguish themselves from other professions. This paper seeks to explore this challenge by reviewing the presence of time conceptualisations within the professional literature and the relevance of time to occupational therapy practice. MethodologyThis paper synthesises a review of the literature encompassing the disciplines of occupational therapy, occupational science, physics, anthropology and sociology to identify different conceptualisations of time and their manifestations within occupational therapy paradigms. Literature searches used electronic databases, including Medline, CINAHL, AMED and Academic Search Complete, and key words, such as time, time use, tempo, temporality, temporal adaptation and time perception, from 1960 to January 2010. The review also included a hand search of academic texts.Introduction: Time has a reciprocal relationship with occupation: each helps to define and give meaning to the other. This paper explores how this interconnection has been embraced within occupational therapy.Method: Literature from a variety of disciplines was critically reviewed, in order to discern how occupational therapy has engaged with the temporal dimensions of occupation since its inception and the relevance of time to current practice.Findings and discussion: Although theoretical discussions demonstrate the importance of aspects of time within occupation, there has been only limited translation of these into occupational therapy practice. Aspects of time use, tempo and temporality are discussed in relation to their application to clinical practice. As the pace of life increases and humanity's relationship with time changes, this presents the profession with both challenges and opportunities.Conclusion: Time is a vital aspect of occupation. Occupational therapists need to return to core values of time awareness, rhythm and balance, because the profession once again needs to find time.
Chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) is commonly treated in the UK using activity modification. In this small qualitative study, patients expressed negative feelings and beliefs towards the concept of doing nothing and therefore sought to push their activity levels when this was available, leading to recurring cycles of symptoms and activity. Rehabilitation programmes need to consider how people with CFS/ME engaged with activity and inactivity before the condition and how this may impact upon engagement with activity-based rehabilitation programmes.
Patient and family-centred care (PFCC), as distinct from patient-centred, or patient-focused, care, enables healthcare organisations to work collaboratively with patients and their families to enhance and improve their care experiences. Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust has implemented a PFCC model that is supported by a number of strategies including 'shadowing', which involves closely following patients and their families throughout their care experiences. This article briefly describes PFCC and discusses how shadowing works and the benefits of the process.
The report indicates that a psychosurgery service can be established on a regional basis. The outcome study of the Yorkshire Regional Psychosurgery Service indicates that the treatment should retain a place in the treatment of patients who have failed to respond to other available approaches. For such patients (and their carers) life is a state of persisting torment. Some psychiatrists consider psychosurgery as a procedure not to be countenanced, or outmoded, but patients have a right to know what may be achieved by the treatment and at what cost in terms of possible failure to improve and adverse effects. An audit of the Regional Psychosurgery Service indicates a favourable result of the Intervention. All patients improved to some extent, some very remarkably, and no adverse effects were encountered.
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