We found an increased risk of both HIV acquisition associated with T. vaginalis infection and risk of T. vaginalis acquisition associated with HIV infection. This bidirectional relationship represents a potentially important factor in sustaining the HIV epidemic in populations where T. vaginalis is endemic.

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However, significant associations were observed in MSM with anal HPV 16 (with coinfectiondAOR, 10.94, 95% CI, 1.18 to 101.68; withoutdAOR, 4.96, 95% CI, 1.40 to 17.57). Conclusion We found type-specific associations of HPV 6 and 16 seropositivity with prevalent anal HPV infection, but not with prevalent genital HPV infection alone. Anal HPV 6 infection was associated with seropositivity in both MSW and MSM, while anal HPV 16 infection was only associated with seropositivity in MSM. Our data suggest that, in men, anal HPV infection may be more efficient than genital HPV infection in inducing immune responses. This may have relevance for protective immunity or the lack thereof, conferred by natural infection. Background Mycoplasma genitalium (Mg) is an emerging sexually transmitted infection that has been associated with serious upper genital tract infections in women such as cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease and endometritis. The burden of disease for Mg in Australia is unknown as there are no current population prevalence or incidence data. Methods Women aged 16e25 years were recruited from sexual health clinics (SHC) and general practice clinics (GP) in SouthEastern Australia and consented to participate in a 12-month study providing vaginal swabs through the mail. Women were tested at 6-monthly intervals for chlamydia and Mg. Results Overall, 1116 women were recruited from 29 clinics; with 79% of women retained at the conclusion of the study. The prevalence of Mg at recruitment was 2.4% (95% CI 1.5 to 3.3). Increased numbers of sexual partners was strongly associated with Mg (adjusted OR [AOR]¼2.2; 95% CI 1.0 to 4.6), as was being recruited from SHC (AOR¼3.4; 95% CI 1.5 to 5.3). Mg incidence was 1.2 per 100 women years (95% CI 0.7 to 2.1) and was associated with women recruited from SHC (HR¼4.9; 95% CI 1.5 to 16.3) and having increased numbers of new sexual partners (HR¼5.7; 95% CI 1.4 to 23.1). We found a median organism load of 1.43103/5?L, which was 100 times less than that found in chlamydia positive samples. We also found an azithromycin failure rate of 15% (95% CI 3.2 to 37.9). Conclusion Mg is common in young Australian women, and consistent with international studies, Mg was less prevalent than chlamydia. Background Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) is an emerging STI associated with reproductive tract syndromes in men and women, and P1-S1.57 EPIDEMIOLOGY OF

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