Purpose -Climate change and carbon footprints are among the most urgent concerns facing society and are key issues of corporate responsibility. The purpose of this study is to assess whether Australian companies have adjusted their footprint-related disclosure responses. Adopting a legitimacy perspective, a key aim is to assess whether pragmatic or moral legitimation approaches dominate by determining whether disclosure tends to be more reflective of symbolism or of apparent behaviour. Design/methodology/approach -Content analysis of the sustainability and annual reports of the ASX's Top 50 companies is undertaken to compare carbon footprint-related disclosures in 2008 and 2005. Their extent and nature (action or symbolism) and the use of attention-attracting devices are reported for the more carbon intensive and less carbon intensive sectors. Findings -Footprint-related disclosure rates are increasing, and disclosure is being signalled more prominently. However, while carbon-intensive sectors appear to be pursuing a moral legitimation strategy underpinned by substantive action, the less intensive sectors are relying more heavily on symbolic disclosure. Research limitations/implications -The sample size is small and comprises only large listed Australian companies. Practical implications -While the carbon-intensive sectors appear to be taking encouraging actions, a regulatory response may be required for the less carbon-intensive sectors to take advantage of their market power to facilitate cooperative carbon reduction with broader constituent groups. Further, incentives for the carbon-intensive sectors may be needed to encourage ongoing efforts to bridge the carbon chasm that is emerging. Originality/value -This study appears to be the first to provide direct Australian evidence on favoured legitimation tactics by assessing the symbolic versus behavioural management implicit in carbon footprint-related disclosures.

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This study examines the relationship between the voluntary disclosure of information about corporate governance practices and the intention to raise external finance. This relationship is examined by using corporate governance disclosures in the annual reports of Australian companies in 1994. Data from this year are used because in subsequent years Australian Stock Exchange regulations influenced listed companies to make disclosures about their corporate governance practices. Regression analysis indicates that the voluntary disclosure of corporate governance information is positively associated with the intention to raise equity capital, but not with the intention to raise debt capital. Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2005.

Purpose – Prior research has investigated legitimation strategies in corporate annual reports in the for-profit sector. The purpose of this paper is to investigate this phenomenon in an NGO environment. It investigates Australian overseas aid agencies’ responses to criticism of the relief effort following the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004. It aims to determine whether voluntary annual report disclosures were reflective of impression management and/or of the discharge of functional accountability. Design/methodology/approach – The paper applies content analysis to compare the structure and content of the annual reports of 19 Australian overseas aid agencies before and after the Indian Ocean tsunami. Findings – Results suggest voluntary disclosure in annual reports significantly increased post-tsunami and was more consistent with impression management activity rather than functional accountability suggesting a response to the legitimacy challenge. The use of impression management tactics differed with agency size, with larger agencies using ingratiation in order to appear more attractive while smaller ones promoted their particular achievements. Originality/value – This paper makes a contribution by extending prior impression management and legitimacy literature to an NGO environment. It has implications for the development of these theories as it looks at organisations where the stakeholders are different from the for-profit sector and profits are not the main concern. It raises issues about the concept of accountability in the NGO sector, and how the nature of organisation reporting is changing to address the challenges of a sector where access to funds is highly competitive.

Purpose -Corporate reporting is an important component of the investor relations function, and the aim of this paper is to seek evidence as to whether, as is often assumed, concise financial reports result in clearer communication between the company and its report users. If concise reports are genuinely being prepared in an attempt to improve the clarity of communication with stakeholders, it is to be expected that other disclosures in the annual reports in which they are disseminated should similarly reflect strategies that are consistent with enhancing the user-friendliness of communication. Design/methodology/approach -Characteristics of the chairperson's annual report letter and graph use in annual reports containing a concise financial report were compared to those in traditional full reports of listed Australian companies. Findings -Consistent with the argument that adoption of concise reporting is more symbolic than instrumental, the results show no differences in the letters' complexity or in graph use across the two report types. Practical implications -If concise reporters genuinely wish to improve the clarity of their communications, greater attention needs to be paid to how information is presented in their broader annual report. Originality/value -This study is the first to attempt a systematic analysis of the rationale that seems to underpin adoption of concise reporting -that of improved communicative clarity. It casts doubt as to whether preparers are acting in accordance with this rationale.