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AbstractBackground: Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is associated with excessive bleeding and acquired fibrinogen deficiency. Maintaining plasma fibrinogen may support hemostasis.Objectives: To compare hemostatic efficacy and safety of human fibrinogen concentrate (HFC) vs cryoprecipitate as fibrinogen sources for bleeding patients with acquired fibrinogen deficiency undergoing PMP CRS.Methods: FORMA-05 was an off-label single-center, prospective, randomized, controlled phase 2 study. Patients undergoing PMP surgery with predicted intraoperative blood loss ≥2 L received human fibrinogen concentrate (HFC; 4 g) or cryoprecipitate (two pools of 5 units, containing approximately 4.0-4.6 g fibrinogen), repeated as needed.The primary endpoint was a composite of intraoperative and postoperative efficacy, graded using objective 4-point scales and adjudicated by an independent committee.
Results:One hundred percent of patients receiving HFC (95% confidence interval: 83.9-100.0, n = 21) or cryoprecipitate (84.6-100.0, n = 22) achieved hemostatic success. HFC demonstrated noninferior efficacy (P = .0095; post hoc) and arrived in the operating room 46 minutes faster. There were significantly greater mean increases with HFC vs cryoprecipitate in plasma fibrinogen (0.78 vs 0.35 g/L; P < .0001) and FIBTEM A20 (3.33 vs 0.93 mm; P = .003). Factor XIII, factor VIII, and von Willebrand factor activity were maintained throughout surgery. Only red blood cells were transfused intraoperatively (median units: HFC group, 1.0; cryoprecipitate group, 0.5).Thromboembolic events were detected with cryoprecipitate only. Safety was otherwise comparable between groups.
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Patients treated with upfront TXA and cryoprecipitate during CRS required less RBC transfusion than those treated with the standard protocol of early FFP.
Occult malignancy was present in 17% when both ovaries looked macroscopically normal and in 45% of contralateral normal-looking ovaries if the other ovary was macroscopically involved. These results help to inform preoperative consent and intraoperative decision making in patients with advanced appendiceal and colorectal malignancy, and are of benefit in managing advanced lower GI tract malignancy.
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