Introduction Monkeypox is a zoonotic Orthopox virus of the Poxviridae family. The general public should be well-informed about monkeypox to prevent the disease in the community effectively. Objective The study aimed to determine the public awareness level about monkeypox among the general community to provide information regarding future measures. Materials and Method The study's design was a cross-sectional observational study. From May to June 2022, a nationwide survey was conducted from Bangladesh's eight administrative divisions. Data were collected from participants through a semi-structured questionnaire, and using Cochran's formula determined the sample size. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews and analyzed using IBM SPSS v.25. Result Among the total of 1,711 respondents to the questionnaire, about 66.6% of the respondents (N=1139) were aware of monkeypox. Among those that were aware of monkeypox, almost two-thirds of the (66.6%) respondents had insufficient knowledge about the transmission pathways (0.71±0.73), vaccination (0.09±0.27), and the signs and symptoms of monkeypox (1.91±1.50). The majority of participants were unable to select the treatment of monkeypox (0.22±0.59). The factors affecting the knowledge level of monkeypox were educational status and occupation (p<0.001). Conclusion The general community has a minimal understanding of the spread of monkeypox and its prevention. This virus requires additional research on its epidemiology, ecology, and biology in endemic regions to be comprehended and prevented.
Background Arthrogryposis is a medical term used to describe congenital contractures which often affect multiple limbs. Distal arthrogryposis (DA) is one of the major categories of arthrogryposis that primarily affects the distal parts of the body, i.e., the hands and the legs. Although ten different types and several subtypes of DAs have been described, the genes associated with each of these DAs are yet to be characterized. Distal arthrogryposis type 10 (DA10) is a rare genetic disease, which is distinguished from the other arthrogryposis types by plantar flexion contractures resulting in toe-walking during infancy as well as variability in contractures of the hip, hamstring, elbow, wrist and finger joints with no ocular or neurological abnormalities. Symptoms of DA10 indicate impairment specifically in the musculoskeletal system. DA10 is still poorly studied. Aim The objective of this study was to identify the candidate gene for DA10 by scrutinizing the protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks using in silico tools. Results Among the genes that reside within the previously reported genomic coordinates (human chromosome assembly 38 or GRCh38 coordinates 2:179,700,000–188,500,000) of the causative agent of DA10, only TTN (the gene that codes for the protein Titin or TTN) follows the expression pattern similar to the other known DA associated genes and its expression is predominant in the skeletal and heart muscles. Titin also participates in biological pathways and processes relevant to arthrogryposes. TTN-related known skeletal muscle disorders follow the autosomal-dominant pattern of inheritance, which is a common characteristic of distal arthrogryposes as well. Conclusion Based on the findings of the analyses and their correlation with previous reports, TTN appears to be the candidate gene for DA10. Our attempt to discover a potential candidate gene may eventually lead to an understanding of disease mechanism and possible treatment strategies, as well as demonstrate the suitability of PPI in the search for candidate genes.
Background: Morbid conditions during the neonatal period possess a serious risk to the health and well-being of the baby. The death rate among neonates is very high in Bangladesh and various factors are responsible for this other than neonatal diseases. Objectives: The objective was to compare different aspects of neonatal conditions in a tertiary care teaching hospital and to inspect the effects of neonatal/maternal influences over neonatal morbidity and mortality. Another primary goal was to study if there was any interconnection between neonatal morbid conditions and mortality. Methods: This prospective study was carried out at Special Care Neonatal Unit of Sher-e-Bangla Medical College and Hospital, Barishal from April 2019 to March 2020. A total of 142 mothers were enquired according to our questionnaire. Data about both mothers and neonates were included in the questionnaire. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 26. Results: A total of 142 mothers and their 150 admitted neonates were included in our cohort. Among 150 neonates, we analyzed 133 and excluded 17. During the hospital stay, 9.8% of 133 neonates died. Mortality and morbidity were dependent on factors like gestational age, birth weight, and twin pregnancy. The causes of admission were PNA with HIE (58.6%), neonatal sepsis (28.6%), neonatal jaundice (9.8%), congenital anomalies (8.3%), RDS (4.5%), IUGR (3.8%), pneumonia (2.3%), and diabetes mellitus (0.8%). Neonates having PNA with HIE showed significant p-value when correlated with the cause of LUCS- oligohydramnios, gestational age, birth weight. Pre-term neonates had substantial cases of RDS (9.8%). Neonatal sepsis was observed more on the initiation of breastfeeding on the first day (39.1%) than later (23%), and oligohydramnios, less fetal movement, prolonged labor were found to be significant causes of it. Conclusion: The study acknowledged LBW, PNA with HIE, sepsis, neonatal jaundice, congenital anomalies, and RDS as the major factors for neonatal admissions, and reasons behind mortality were LBW, prematurity, and twin pregnancy. Awareness among parents and improved infrastructure of the hospital might be helpful to reduce the gravity of the condition in the future. DS (Child) H J 2020; 36(1) : 52-60
Objective: Diabetes prevalence is a vital factor in COVID-19's clinical prognosis. This study aimed to investigate and compare the efficacy of High-flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC) with/without non-rebreather mask (NRM) on critical COVID-19 patients with/without diabetes. Materials and methods: For analysis and comparison, epidemiological, biochemical, and clinical data were collected from 240 HFNC±NRM treated severe and critical COVID-19 ICU patients (diabetic = 136; non-diabetic = 104) of five hospitals in Chattogram, Bangladesh. Results and Discussion: 59.1% patients with fever had diabetes (p=0.012). ICU stay was longer for diabetic patients (9.06±5.70) than non-diabetic ones (7.41±5.11) (p=0.020). Majority of hypertensive patients were diabetic (68.3%; p<0.001). Most of the diabetic patients (70.4%; p<0.005) had elevated creatinine levels. The partial pressure of oxygen after HFNC (only) was significantly (p=0.031) higher in non-diabetic patients (69.30±23.56) than diabetic ones (61.50±14.49). Diabetic (62.64±13.05) and non-diabetic patients (59.40±13.22) had similar partial pressure of oxygen from HFNC+NRM. Majority of the diabetic patients who required HFNC+NRM had elevated RBS (73.8%; p=0.001) and creatinine (75.7%; p=0.009). Factors affecting the HFNC only treated patients were fever and impaired glucose tolerance. Besides, increased plasma glucose level, age, and hypertension affected the HFNC + NRM treated diabetic patients. Conclusion: The results of this study imply that oxygen supply with HFNC+NRM may be beneficial for the elderly/hypertensive diabetic patients with COVID-19 associated AHRF; and that IGT and increased blood glucose levels could be determinants for COVID-19 severity. However, further experiments to substantiate these claims are required on a larger sample and among different clinical cohorts.
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