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In an effort to improve sustainability and reduce the cost of goods for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), pharma companies have partnered on varying portions of their supply chain with contract providers. This approach brings with it numerous cost benefits but also logistical challenges. However, it also offers opportunities to integrate sustainable science via green chemistry and engineering more holistically into the entire sequence. The ACS Green Chemistry Institute Pharmaceutical Roundtable (GCIPR) provides a multicompany industrial view on how to address the challenges and best meet cost goals while enhancing the overall sustainability of the global pharmaceutical industry.

Furosemide–Na–trihydrate displayed aqueous solubility of about 4000 fold higher than that of furosemide while furosemide–K–monohydrate has over 10 000 times improved solubility.

Only one X-ray crystal structure of the parent quinolone antibiotic nalidixic acid is known in the published and patent literature. A systematic search for new solid-state forms of the drug yielded two polymorphs (forms II and III) and six cocrystals with resorcinol, catechol, hydroquinone, pyrogallol, orcinol, and phloroglucinol. Of these, X-ray crystal structures were determined for polymorph II and cocrystals with resorcinol, catechol, hydroquinone, and pyrogallol, whereas the remaining solid forms were identified by their unique powder X-ray diffraction patterns. Nalidixic acid is intramolecularly O−H···O hydrogen bonded in a six-member ring, and its molecular dimers are assembled via C−H···O synthon. The OH donors on phenolic coformers H bond with the α-keto acid moiety of the drug as connectors and spacers. Intermolecular drug−drug C−H···O interactions in polymorphs are replaced by strong drug−coformer O−H···O hydrogen bonds in cocrystals.

Pentaerythritol(2,2-bis-hydroxymethyl-propane-1,3-diol) was converted into a series of mono-, di-, and trisubstituted derivatives, comprising ally1 ethers and amino-alkyl ethers, by systematic chemical manipulation of the hydroxy groups. The remaining hydroxymethyl group in the case of the trisubstituted analog was functionalized with ether groups bearing terminal o-carboxyl or o-alkene groups. These derivatives are versatile templates and scaffolds for single, double, or triple substitution with appropriate ligands forming amides and esters, and allowing the attachment of the w-alkene or o-carboxyl group to solid support for combinatorial chemistry.Key words: molecular diversity, scaffolds, templates and tris(2-aminoethy1)-pentaerythritol.RCsumC : Le pentaCrythritol(2,2-bis-hydroxymethyl-propane-1,3-diol) a CtC converti en une sCrie de dCrivCs mono-, di-et trisubstituis portant des groupes Cther allylique et Cther aminoalkyle par manipulation systkmatique des fonctions hydroxy. Le groupe hydroxymCthyle restant dans le cas des dCrivCs trisubstituks a CtC fonctionnalise par un des groupes ethers avec un groupe terminal carboxy ou alcinyle. Les derives sont utiles comme des sources de branchement des ligands pharmacologiquement actives par des liaisons amides ou ester. Des applications dans la chimie combinatorielle sur phase solide sont aussi envisageables.Mots elks : diversite moleculaire, tris(2-aminoethy1)-pentaerythritol.Recent interest in chemical diversity in conjunction with combinatorial methods of lead structure generation has instigated a search for readily available polyfunctional organic molecules that can be manipulated in a systematic manner (for recent reviews, see ref. 1). Such molecules can be utilized as templates or scaffolds onto which one can introduce variable functionality with spatially predetermined dispositions (2). For example, the incorporation of specific pharmacophores or related motifs at the extremities of such scaffolds can lead to binding at different receptor sites with potentially novel therapeutic applications (3). Alternatively, the attachment of the template or scaffold molecule to a polymer support through one of its arms, allows the voluntary elaboration of one or more remaining chains in a parallel or combinatorial mode for the discovery of biologically active sequences on growing chains. In the case of templates capable of replicating outwards from a core unit, it is possible to construct dendritic molecules (for selected examples, see ref. 4) with intriguing shapes and exciting physical properties.In connection with our interest in the general area of chemical and functional diversity (5), we wished to prepare organic templates capable of accommodating one, or more, bioactive molecules in order to release them in a sustained manner in a chemically or enzymatically induced process. Another objec- hanessia@ere.umontreal.ca tive was to prepare polyfunctional molecules that could allow us to generate clusters of immunologically relevant haptens on a given template...

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Process development work to provide an efficient manufacturing route to a MCHr1 antagonist is presented herewith. Features of this development work include a scalable manufacturing route to the useful 6-oxa-2-azaspiro[3.3]­heptane building block and the use of a (soluble) alternative to sodium triacetoxyborohydride.

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