Introduction: Caesarean section is one of the most performed surgical procedures all over the world. The present study was conducted to determine the maternal & neonatal outcome and complications in two groups of pregnancy among women with elective and emergency cesarean section. So that measures can be taken to reduce morbidity and mortality in near future. Material & Methods: A prospective observational study carried out in department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, M.G.M Medical College and M.Y. Hospital ,Indore (M.P). All patients who underwent caesarean section are divided into two groups as per the timing of procedure in emergency or electively. The two groups were compared on the basis of age, parity, indication, booking status, intra operative & post op complications, and maternal & fetal outcome. Results: The incidence of caesarean section was 30.25%. The proportion of elective and emergency caesarean was 21.63% and 78.37% respectively. All of the complications were significantly higher in emergency group in terms of both maternal and fetal outcome. Conclusion: The incidence of caesarean section is high in MGM medical college Indore and the overall complication rate is higher in emergency caesarean than elective caesarean section group.

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Introduction: bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorders of airways characterised by exaggerated bronchoconstriction due to certain indirect (e g dust, pollen, allergens, cold air) or direct (inhaled methacholine) stimuli. Autonomic system plays an important role in regulation of airways and their secretion. This study was planned to demonstrate existence of autonomic dysfunction in pathophysiology of bronchial asthma. Material & Methods: Present study is undertaken in 45 subjects who were divided in to 2 groups cases and controls depending up on age and sex and similar characteristics. 7 different non-invasive tests are applied in to all subjects to evaluate their autonomic function status. Results: It was found that out of 45 patients 33 patients had abnormal autonomic function tests. Comparing the duration of bronchial asthma, 12 patients had duration <5 years out of this 3 patients with duration of asthma <5 years had abnormal test the rest 9 had normal tests whereas 33 patients had bronchial asthma for >5 years out of these 30 had abnormal tests and only 3 patients had normal test. Comparing the severity of bronchial asthma and autonomic dysfunction, Out of 45 patients 24 were classified as having severe bronchial asthma. 21 of the study patients had only parasympathetic dysfunction i.e. 46.66%. 12 had both sympathetic and parasympathetic dysfunction i.e.40% and only 6 had isolated sympathetic dysfunction i.e. 13.33%. Conclusions: There is higher incidence of autonomic dysfunction in bronchial asthma patients. Parasympathetic hyper responsiveness appears to be the main pathological factor in the genesis of bronchial asthma

Introduction: Hearing defects can cause inconvenience in communication which can have prodigious impact on the psychological, social and emotional functions. The increasing incidence of diabetes and profound effect of hearing loss on quality of life mandates the need to study the possible association between the two. Materials and method: An observational study was conducted including 100 participants such that 50 were non-diabetic (group A) and another 50 were diabetic. The participants of two groups were matched for age and gender. The Random Blood Sugar, HbA1c, Pure Tone Audiometry were assessed. The statistical analysis of data was done using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) 21.0 version, IBM, Chicago. Results: The median age of the participants belonging to group A and B was 39.0 years and 40.0 years respectively. No significant association was observed between the presence or absence of diabetes and hearing loss (Chi-square value- 2.1, df-3, p value>.05). Amongst the patients with diabetes, the HbA1c level was found to have no significant association with the severity of hearing loss (Chi-square value- 9.243, df-4, p value>.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that there is no significant difference in hearing loss amongst the persons with and without diabetes.

Introduction: Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (TPE) is a syndrome of wheezing, fever and eosiniphilia seen predominantly in the Indian subcontinent and other tropical areas. The syndrome results from immunologic hyperresponsiveness to human filarial parasites, Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi. Absolute eosinophilia counts are usually more than 3,000 cells/mm3. Lung functions are severely compromised. Pulmonary function tests may show a mixed restrictive and obstructive abnormality with a reduction in diffusion capacity. The mean values of expiratory flow rates were significantly decreased. Oral DEC (6 mg/kg per day) for 3 weeks is treatment of choice. Methods: A total of 61, clinic-radiologically and haematologically suspected cases of tropical pulmonary eosinophilia were included in study along with 39 healthy controls. Pulmonary functions, which included forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC Ratio, maximum mid expiratory flow rate (MMEFR) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were observed in study cases and control. Results: The mean values ±S.D. of all spirometric parameters showed low value in cases in comparison to control. Statistically all parameters showed highly significant difference ('p' value were <0.001) except in FEV1/FVC ratio (p value was >0.05). After the treatment with DEC the mean values ± S.D. of all parameters in cases showed improvement but the values were remained still below the control value. Conclusion: This disease, if left untreated or treated late, may lead to long-term sequelae of pulmonary fibrosis or chronic bronchitis with chronic respiratory failure.