Background Paracetamol (acetaminophen) toxicity is considered to be one of the major causes of drug-induced hepatic failure. Citraka ( Plumbago rosea L. and Plumbago zeylanica L.) was mentioned in Ayurveda classics as a remedy in liver disorders. Objective(s) The aim of the study was to experimentally evaluate the comparative effect of hepatoprotective activity of detoxified root decoction of the two species of Citraka against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in male Wistar albino rats. Materials and methods The hepatoprotective effect of Citraka decoction of two species was evaluated by the assessment of biochemical parameters such as SGOT, SGPT, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and serum creatinine. The study was also supported by histopathological assessment of liver sections. Results The results showed the elevated concentration of biochemical markers and histopathological degenerative changes in animals treated with paracetamol indicating severe hepatic damage; whereas, the treatment with decoction of both the species of Citraka showed significant reduction in the serum markers and regenerative changes in the histopathological specimens pointing towards its effectiveness as a hepatoprotective drug. Conclusion The present study showed Citraka ’s effectiveness as a hepatoprotective drug and proved that the detoxified root decoction of P. rosea L. has a significant protective activity against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity than P. zeylanica L.
Background: Rohitaka (Tecomella undulata (Sm.) Seem.) has been considered as threatened and listed as rare at international level (IUCN, 2000). In Ayurveda classics, Rohitaka is described as Yakritpleehgulmodarhara (useful in liver and spleenic disorders). Rhododendron arboreum Sm. is used by folklore practitioners for treatment of Jaundice and marketed as Rohitaka in Nepal. Aim: To evaluate Rhododendron arboreum Sm. as an effective pratinidhi dravya (substitute) in abhava (absence) of Rohitaka (Tecomella undulata (Sm.) Seem.) with special reference to hepatoprotective activity in paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Materials and Methods: In the present study, hepatoprotective effect of Choorna (powder) and Kwatha (decoction) of Rhododendron arboreum Sm. and Tecomella undulata (Sm.) Seem. (Choorna-0.54 g/kg body wt. and Kwatha-4.32 ml/kg body wt. p. o. for 10 days along with paracetamol toxicant 3 g/kg body wt. p. o. on 6 th and 8 th day) were investigated against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity. Silymarin (100 mg/kg body wt.) was used as standard hepatoprotective reference drug. Statistical Analysis Used: The obtained data were analyzed by ANOVA with Dunnet's multiple 't' test and level of p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Paracetamol treatment led to elevated levels of liver marker enzymes and disorientation in histological observations which were significantly reversed by treatment with Rhododendron arboreum Sm. and Tecomella undulata (Sm.) Seem. dependent on dosage forms. Conclusion: The study revealed that both the drugs have similar hepatoprotective effect and thus Rhododendron arboreum Sm. as "Abhava Pratinidhi Dravya" for Tecomella undulata (Sm.) Seem. with special reference to hepatoprotective activity is justified.
The objective of the study was to screen the neuroprotective role of Brihatvata Chinthamani Rasa, a compound mineral formulation extensively used in stroke condition in the Indian system of medicine. The selected animals were grouped into four different categories and administered with group specific drugs for seven consecutive days. On seventh day an hour after drug administration all the rats were anesthetised. A midline incision was made and soft tissues were pulled apart and both bilateral common carotid arteries were exposed. The cerebral ischemia were induced by simultaneous occlusion of both common carotid artery for 30min, followed by acute ischemic reperfusion injury was produced by untying the temporary ligature and releasing the thread. At the end of the experiment, under anaesthesia animals were sacrificed and brain has been removed. Anti oxidant and histopathological investigation were carried out of brain tissue. Control group rats have shown increased lipid peroxidation and decreased levels of catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity, while the test drug administration significantly elevated catalase and considerable decrease in the lipid peroxidation in comparison to control group. Histopathological examination revealed there is a decreased cellularity and predominance of immature neurons in the granular layer was observed in hypothalamus in control rats while the test drug has shown normal cytoarchitecture. In conclusion the test drug possesses storing anti oxidant and retained normal cellular integrity of different brain regions.
Background Gandhaka rasayana (GR) is an important component of many Ayurvedic formulations besides being used as a standalone therapy. However, literature review revealed a chronic toxicity studies with longer duration. Objectives To delineate the safety profile of GR for 180 days administration in rats. Materials and methods Wistar albino rats of both sexes weighing 150 ± 10 g body weight in groups of 20 (10 male and 10 female) for each of the three GR dose levels i.e., 0.54 g, 1.08 g, and 5.4 g/kg were employed. Carboxyl methyl cellulose was administered to the control group in equal volume. Toxicity was assessed based on the changes observed, compared to control, in body weight gain, food and water consumption, organ weight and histopathology, clinical biochemistry, and hematological parameters as per AYUSH guidelines. Results GR repeated dose administration caused significant changes in body weight gain, organ ponderal changes, few hematologic and biochemical parameters. Male rats administered with GR at 1.08 g/kg dose showed a significant decrease in the MCV and MCH compared to control, whereas female rat’s administred with 1.08 g/kg and 0.54 g/kg dose showed a significant increase in the MCV and MCH. GR administered at 0.54 g/kg showed a significant increase in the serum glucose level in male rats, whereas female rats showed a significant elevation in the cholesterol level. GR at 0.54 g/kg and 5.4 g/kg showed a significant elevation in the serum SGPT level in male rats. These changes were not observed in female rats. Histological examination revealed mild pathological changes in organs like kidney, liver, spleen and jejunum. Conclusion The data generated shows that GR is safe and does not have any toxicity potential at the doses used in therapeutics. Some of the changes observed were at higher dose levels which is not likely to be used clinically.
A multidisciplinary approach is generally required in the treatment of patients who presents with missing and malpositioned teeth to achieve a long term esthetic and functional result. Treatment of a patient with hypodontia and congenitally transposed mandibular canines using a multidisciplinary approach is presented.
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