BACKGROUNDPterygium is epithelial hyperplasia and elastotic degeneration of the bulbar conjunctival tissue encroaching over the cornea. Healthy limbus acts as a barrier to conjunctival overgrowth and recurrence of pterygium. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for all types of pterygium. Despite the numerous techniques available, recurrence after surgery for pterygium presents a significant problem. Considering the importance of the limbus and its stem cells in the pathogenesis of the pterygium, a new technique has been developed that includes, in addition to the conjunctival autograft, a part of the limbal stem cells that aids in the complete anatomic and physiologic reconstruction of the excised pterygium area. This limbal reconstruction may theoretically reduce the recurrence rate.
BACKGROUNDSurprisingly 30% of Indian blinds lose their sight before the age of 20 years, which makes early detection and treatment of visual impairment for children mandatory. School going children, therefore, form an important large target group and school vision screening plays an important part in early detection of amblyopia and institution of appropriate therapy, which is of immense value towards preventing the development of lifelong visual morbidity. The concept of "critical period" which explains the reversibility of amblyopia at younger age groups when the brain and visual system are immature and connections between neurons are still being formed and stabilised, stresses the importance of introducing the treatment at an early age thereby enhancing the visual outcome.
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