Deep bite is one of the most common malocclusion seen in children as well as adults and is most difficult to treat successfully. Unfavorable sequel of this malocclusion predisposes a patient to periodontal involvement, functional problems, and temporomandibular joint disturbance. Deep bite anteriorly could be caused by supraeruption of upper and/or lower incisors or infraeruption of posterior teeth. Methods of deep bite correction are extrusion of posterior teeth, intrusion of anterior teeth, combination of both, proclination of incisors and orthognathic surgical modality. This article will describe various appliances, their indication and contraindication and also with the biomechanics involved.
Skeletal Class II malocclusion is attributed to maxillary prognathism, mandibular retrognathism or combination of both. In adolescent cases, the treatment includes growth modulation with headgear or myofunctional appliances. However in adults, optimum esthetic and functional efficacy can be achieved by orthodontic-surgical combination.This case report describes a 21 years old post-pubertal male with severe skeletal Class II discrepancy with normal maxilla and retrognathic mandible. The case was treated with bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) with mandibular advancement approach. Straight profile, pleasing esthetics, bilateral Class I molar and canine relationship, normal overjet and overbite were achieved because of a combined ortho-surgical approach.
Cephalometry is one of the important diagnostic tools for assessment of jaw relationship. Sagittal jaw relationship is of utmost concern to the patients and orthodontist. Many linear and angular parameters are used for measurement of sagittal jaw discrepancies. This article reviews various AP cephalometric parameters
This systematic review aims to assess skeletal, dental and soft tissue treatment effects of the conventional Twin-block appliance compared to control in Class II malocclusion till date. The electronic databases of Medline, PubMed and Cochrane library were systematically searched until September 2019. The human studies that had used the conventional Twin block appliance with a control group evaluated by a Lateral Cephalogram were included. A total of 321 articles were examined. 10 articles were selected. Majority studies reported a significant improvement in the mandible and in the vertical height, maxillary restrictive effect was less consistently reported. A restrictive maxillary molar effect and an advancement in the mandibular molar has been suggested. Retroclination of the maxillary incisors and proclination of mandibular incisor inclination has been reported. There is some evidence to suggest a retrusive upper lip effect and a protrusive lower lip effect. Increase in Nasolabial angle and some decrease in the mentolabial sulcus to be expected. In conclusion the conventional Twin Block appliance have shown desirable skeletal, dental and soft tissue effects. However certain inevitable side effects are also seen mainly its effect on lower anterior proclination.
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