Sonochemically synthesized zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were coated on paper for enhancing its properties in view of the preservation of documents. The paper used for accession register was used as substrate. Physical, chemical, optical, hydrophobic, and antifungal properties of the coated and uncoated papers were compared. Nanoparticles were synthesized with ultrasound from organic precursors and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), whereas coated and uncoated papers were examined following standard procedures as described by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). It was observed that coating with nanoparticles imparted mechanical strength, water repellence, and antifungal properties to the paper without compromising its printability. Hence, coated paper is comparatively more suitable for preservation of written or printed documents than uncoated paper.
Detecting the adaptive mutations leading to gene inactivation or loss of function is crucial for understanding their contribution in the evolution of bacterial virulence and antibiotic resistance. Such inactivating mutations, apart from being of nonsynonymous (i.e., amino acid replacement) nature, can also be truncation mutations, abruptly trimming the length of encoded proteins.
Extension and outreach services of libraries, archives, and museums (LAM) are to be essentially considered as an important aspect of social and ethical responsibility of an institution towards the society. An academic library, especially a college library, has immense scope for engagement of the community constituting the stakeholders of the institution for participation, involvement, skill development, and enrichment as well as the individuals outside the institution, ultimately towards inclusion, empathy, and compassion for the society at large. Exemplary evidences of the opportunities and accomplishments of a college library with special reference to the extension and outreach activities of Sir Gurudas Mahavidyalaya, Kolkata, West Bengal, India are provided. Innovation, collaboration, communication, creativity, and effective employment of ICT tools are the keys to successful execution.
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