To investigate the potential of Hibiscus sabdariffa var. altissima (Thai kenaf) biomass as a feedstock for bioethanol production, Thai kenaf bark and core were pretreated at a moderate temperature with different phosphoric acid (H3PO4) concentrations. It was revealed that there was a higher glucan content in the Thai kenaf bark (57.97% ± 0.36%) compared with that in the core (43.10% ± 0.15%). The H3PO4 pretreatment resulted in a reduction in the lignin content and total removal of hemicellulose. This exposed the cellulose to attack by cellulase enzymes and resulted in an increased enzymatic digestibility. A high glucose concentration (GC; 7.02 g/L) and hydrolysis efficiency (HE; 95.79%) were achieved with 75% H3PO4 for the bark after 72 h of enzymatic hydrolysis. However, these values were not that different from those of the 70% H3PO4-pretreated bark (6.89 g/L and 95.43%, respectively). Nevertheless, the Thai kenaf core pretreated with 75% H3PO4 recorded a higher GC (6.30 g/L) and HE (91.67%) after 72 h of enzymatic hydrolysis. The scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses revealed the destruction of the surface structure and an increase in the porosity and crystallinity index of the Thai kenaf biomass, which corresponded to an increased enzymatic digestibility.
Influence of land configuration and fertilization techniques on soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill.) productivity, soil moisture and fertilityAbstract: An experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of flatbed (FB), ridges and furrows (RF) and broad bed furrows (BBF) combined with recommended fertilizer dose N 30 P 60 K 30 kg ha −1 (F 1 ), 75 % NPK (F 2 ), 125 % NPK (F 3 ), 75 % NPK + 25 % N through farm yard manure (FYM)-F 4 , 75 % NPK + 2 sprays of micro nutrient mixture (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, B and Mo) -0.5 % at 35 and 60 days after sowing (DAS)-F 5 and 75 % NPK + 2 sprays of KNO 3 -0.5 % at 35 and 1.0 % at 60 DAS (F 6 ) on the productivity of soybean in a split plot design. BBF stored 14.15 % more soil water and produced 1058.97 kg ha −1 more yield than FB. A significant 3.76 kg ha −1mm rain water use efficiency was notice in BBF compared to FB. The yield increment recorded under F 6 was 15.6 % higher than F 1 . Grain nitrogen and oil contents were highest in F 3 . The residual soil fertility was much improve by F 3 and F 5 . Our result demonstrated that the combination of BBF and F 6 were the best technique to increase soybean yield in the Vertisol soil. Vpliv priprave zemljišča in gnojilnih tehnik na pridelek soje (Glycine max (L.) Merrill.), na vlažnost in rodovitnost talIzvleček: Poskus z deljenkami je bil narejen za preučitev načinov priprave zemljišča kot so ravno zemljišče (FB), grebeni in brazde (RF) in široki grebeni (BBF) v kombinaciji s priporočenimi odmerki gnojenja: N 30 P 60 K 30 kg ha −1 (F 1 ), 75 % NPK (F 2 ), 125 % NPK (F 3 ), 75 % NPK + 25 % N kot hlevski gnoj (FYM) (F 4) , 75 % NPK + 2 kratno pršenje z mešanico mikrohranil (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, B in Mo), 0,5 % 35 in 60 dni po setvi (DAS)(F 5 ) in 75 % NPK + 2 pršenja s KNO 3 -0,5 % 35 in 1,0 % 60 dni po setvi DAS (F 6 ) na pridelek soje. Pri BBF se je ohranilo 14,15 % več talne vode in dalo za 1058,97 kg ha −1 več pridelka kot FB. Pri BBF je bila ugotovljena tudi značilno večja učinkovitost (3,76 kg ha −1 -mm) izrabe deževnice kot pri FB. Povečanje pridelka je bilo pri F 6 za 15,6 % večje kot pri F 1 .Vsebnost dušika in olja v zrnih sta bili največji pri F 3 . Rodovitnost tal se je znatno povečala pri F 3 in F 5 . Rezultati so pokazali, da je bila kombinacija BBF in F 6 najboljša tehnika za povečanje pridelka soje v tleh na vertisolu.
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