The static and dynamic characteristics of functionally graded (FG) structures have been investigated in this article, considering full geometrical nonlinearity. The finite element (FE) solutions are obtained for the graded panel by modelling through higher-order kinematics (HSDT) and Green-Lagrange strain-displacement relations (GLNST). The desired graded panel properties are obtained through Voigt’s micromechanical approach, considering different grading patterns (exponential, EPL; sigmoid, SGM and power law, POL). Additionally, to maintain the generality of the graded structure, different porosity distribution types (even and uneven, EVP and UEP) are incorporated into the proposed mathematical model. Further, the numerical solutions are obtained using Newmark’s method’s direct iterative technique and constant integration steps. The solution sensitivities are verified for the developed algorithm via adequate convergence and comparison tests. In addition, the experimental validation is performed using the layerwise fabricated luffa-fibre reinforced FG plates to validate the proposed theoretical model’s accuracy. Lastly, the responses are computed using the newly derived model for the variable design-dependent parameters associated with the FG structural geometry and properties. The final deliverables, that is the nonlinear deflection responses (NDFR)/stress values, are discussed under mechanical loadings (static and dynamic).
The deflection responses of the cracked porous graded structure under the variable loading conditions (static and dynamic) are investigated numerically with the help of a commercial tool (ABAQUS). The model includes the grading in two different directions (along the thickness and length by setting the relevant volume fraction exponents [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], i.e., of the functionally graded material (FGM) for the analysis purpose. Additionally, different material gradings, i.e., power-law (P-FGM), sigmoid (S-FGM), and exponential (E-FGM), are adopted to achieve the distribution patterns within the FG panel. Further, the porosity and the damage (crack) have been introduced in the graded structural panel. The python scripting language is used to model the FGM plate via the batch input technique, i.e., ABAQUS kernel, instead of the standard GUI interface. The accuracy has been confirmed by validating the results with the published available results, and the applicability is stated through a series of numerical examples by changing input parameters.
This study reports the optimal frequencies and damping factor of the honeycomb sandwich composite plates. The sandwich panel face sheets have been considered as layered composite and honeycomb core. The higher-order shear deformation theory has been adopted to formulate the structural model and solve the governing equations of motion of sandwich structures to compute the frequencies. An optimal layout of the honeycomb composite laminated sandwich structure is being utilized to improvise both the fundamental natural frequencies and damping factors using a teaching–learning-centered artificial bee colony (TLABC). An experimental investigation is performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the current TLABC algorithm to identify the optimal values by comparing them with numerically obtained results. Additionally, for the optimal layer sequences and the fiber orientations of the composite laminated plates, several optimization problems are developed with the objective functions of frequency maximization and modal damping factors (MDF). The TLABC algorithm integrated with finite element method has been utilized to evaluate the said responses. Hence, it is concluded that the efficient design layout of a honeycomb sandwich composite plate configurations would provide the guidelines for the designer to control the vibration effectively.
The influences of cut-out on the static and dynamic deflection of the multilayered composites under thermomechanical are predicted numerically. In this regard, a mathematical model is prepared using the third-order kinematics associated with the isoparametric finite element steps. Moreover, the solution accuracy of the derived model has been tested frequently by solving a series of examples (obtained from MATLAB code) similar to the published one. In addition, the model verification is extended further by comparing the numerical results with the in-house experimental data recorded under the static and dynamic loading conditions. The equivalent single-layer theoretical model (prepared for the cut-out abided laminated structure) exactness is maintained by considering the variation of in-plane displacement as cubic. In contrast, the state space variable along with the thickness is constant. Additionally, the experimental comparisons are made considering the influences of different cut-out geometry, temperature increment, and loading intensities. The effects of cut-out and the laminated structural geometrical parameters that affect the final design consideration due to the thermomechanical loading as well as the temperature-dependent properties are computed using the derived model, and the outcomes are discussed in detail.
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