Foot ulcers are serious complications of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and are known to be resistant to conventional treatment. They may herald severe complications if not treated wisely. Electromagnetic radiations in the form of photons are delivered to the ulcers in laser form to stimulate healing. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) in diabetic ulcer healing dynamics. To determine mean percentage reduction of wound area in study and control groups. Settings: KLES Dr.

MENS could be used as an effective pain-relieving adjunct to TENS in the treatment of masticatory muscle pain due to bruxism.

Hypertension is ranked as fourth top most disease on the basis of its prevalence. It affects approximately one billion individuals worldwide. In India, the prevalence of hypertension in adult population varies from 3 to 10% and the average figure is 4.8%. The population at risk above the age of 20 years is 330 million. It is a major health problem and biggest of the challenges of the 21st century. Hypertension is major risk factor for causing cardiac, cerebral and renal disease. A total of 250 college and school teachers were examined. The necessary information such as history, sociodemographic profile, clinical examination findings were noted. Out of that 105 subjects were found as hypertensive & were willing to participate in study. All subjects explained the relaxation technique. Their baseline data includes Blood Pressure and Heart Rate were measured in sitting position. Investigator demonstrated technique (Jacobson"s Progressive muscular relaxation) to contract and relax various groups of muscles. After the trial session every subject performed this supervised Jacobson"s progressive muscular relaxation for 30 min, after 30 min of training. Outcome measures were reassessed immediately after the JPMR in sitting position that is Blood Pressure and Heart Rate. There were highly significant differences in Pre & Post Blood pressure (systolic & diastolic) Heart Rate. There was statistically significant difference in systolic Blood pressure (p<0.01), diastolic Blood pressure (p=0.05) and Heart rate (p<0.05) significant reduction in post session (Jacobson"s progressive muscular relaxation). The current results indicate that a cost-effective, group program in a "real-world" setting can result in clinically significant benefits for patients with Hypertension. Jacobson"s progressive muscular relaxation may be used as an adjunct to conventional physiotherapy as an antihypertensive treatment results in better control of blood pressure & reduces heart rate.

The observational cross-sectional study conducted on a sample of 100 women workers who volunteered, outlines their cardio-respiratory and musculo-skeletal profile before, during and at end of work. In addition, information on their health status in general was collected in advance.Contrary to expectation, there was no significant change in respiratory function. However, the musculo-skeletal problems were found to be abundantly present with pain in 91% of the subjects. Region-wise mapping of pain revealed that postural pain in low back was present in 47% while in neck was 19%. Scapular muscles on the right side were involved in stabilizing shoulder, which never went overhead. On the contrary, left shoulder was raised as high (>90 degrees) in spinning action, while pulling thread. This muscle work involved trapezius, deltoid and triceps action concentrically in lifting and while coming to starting position slowly, eccentrically. There was no pause since the wheel continued to spin the thread continuously, unless a worker opted to stop the work. Accordingly, left wrist and hand were in holding contraction while the right wrist and hand holding the handle were also in a fixed position with wrist in flexion with supinated forearm. Though the overall job was light as per peak HR, there was pain due to fatigue and grip strength weakened by around 10%, at the end of the day's work. In conclusion, pain and fatigue were found to be the main problems for women in the spinning section of the small-scale industry under this study. Women have to take up dual responsibility of a full-time job as well as the domestic work. It was considered that ergonomic factors such as provision of a backrest and frequent rest periods could remediate the musculo-skeletal symptoms.

Epiphytic orchids are common in subtropical forests, but little is known about the factors that determine their diversity. We surveyed two sites (north-facing Phulchowki and south-facing Shivapuri hills), in the sub-tropical forest in the Kathmandu valley, central Nepal. Along five transects per site, spanning an altitudinal gradient of 1525–2606 m a.s.l., we recorded all epiphytic orchids and the host species on which they were growing. The data were analyzed using a generalized linear model (GLM) and redundancy analysis (RDA). Species richness significantly decreased with increasing altitude and was higher in larger hosts and in places with high temperature. Species composition was affected by altitude, distance from the forest edge, host type, and precipitation. This study indicates that the most important factors affecting epiphytic orchid diversity was altitude, even if other factors were associated with patterns in composition. The low-altitude habitats with high species diversity are the best places for epiphytic orchids in this region. The altitudinal species richness and patterns in composition revealed by this study provide a baseline for further studies on epiphytic orchids.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) represents a major cause of disability in India. For implementation of best practice management, it is important to consider the views of people in India since they might deviate from those expressed in previous studies by people with OA in the Western world. Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore and describe approaches toward OA and its management among patients in a rural setting in Central Western India. Design and Method: Conventional content analysis was used to analyze semi-structured interviews with 24 patients diagnosed with OA from the target area of Pravara University Hospital and ten adjacent primary health care centers in Maharashtra, India. Results: Four categories; lack of power, active ambivalence, taking control and a constant struggle were identified as patients' approaches to OA. The categories were further elaborated on in seven subcategories. Conclusion: Daily challenges and efforts, of which some may be unique to patients in a rural setting in India, underlie passive and active approaches to OA and its management. Understanding these may enhance Indian physiotherapists' implementation of evidence-based self-management programs adapted to Indian conditions and reduce the distress of their patients.

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