Nanotechnology, a new field of research, prompted scientists to work on a wide range of aspects. Nanoparticles relating to pest management include formulation for herbicides and pesticides. The potential uses of nanotechnology in insect-pest management include the slow release, efficient dosage of insecticides, and provide diagnostic tools for early detection. Application of nanaoparticles also includes development of nanodispensers, nanogels, and nanocapsules. Effects of different inorganic nanoparticles against selected insects were evaluated under laboratory conditions. DNA-tagged nanogold caused 30.50, 57.50, and 75.00 % mortality on third, fourth, and fifth instar Spodoptera litura larvae, respectively. CdS nanoparticle caused highest S. litura larval mortality of 21.41-93.79 % at 150 and 2400 ppm, respectively. The nano-TiO2 showed maximum of 73.79 % S. litura larval mortality at 2400 ppm and the least was 18.50 % at 150 ppm. Nano-Ag caused maximum 56.89 % S. litura mortality at 2400 ppm followed by 46.89 and 33.44 % mortality at 1200 and 600 ppm, respectively. Nanoparticles coated with ecdysteroid analogues like tebufenozide and halofenozide were tested against Corcyra cephalonica. The treated eggs did not hatch due to arrest of embryonic development. Tebufenozide and halofenozide caused maximum larval mortality at 80 ppm. These two compounds at 80 ppm reduced fecundity and fertility in adults. Tebufenozide against Helicoverpa armigera larvae reduced the larval weight. Tebufenozide at 5.00 ppm was reduced the larval weight significantly (14.23 ± 1.43 and 112.35 ± 0.29, respectively) compared to control. Histopathological effects of tebufenozide at the light microscopic level showed vacuolation and inhibition of imaginal buds. At electron microscopic level,
Pigeonpea is attacked by many insect pests, and of these the gall weevil Alcidodes collaris (Pascoe) causes threat to pigeonpea at seedling stage by attacking basal portion of the stem and resulting in the gall formation. Evaluation of some insecticides revealed that less incidence was observed using seed treatment with imidacloprid 600FS followed by chlorantraniliprole 18.5SC spray (1.17 galled plants/ 10 plants) after 20 days of emergence. This also resulted in maximum reduction of galled plants (79.37%). Imidacloprid 600FS seed treatment with drenching of profenophos 50EC at 20 days after the crop emergence was observed to be the next best. Seeds treatment with imidacloprid 600FS followed by chlorantraniliprole 18.5SC spray gave maximum yield of 23.38 q/ ha.
Present investigation was a field experiment to document the insect pests of soybean at different growth stages during rabi-summer season of 2020-21 and comparing them with the Kharif season pests in order to know the incidence pattern. Among sucking pests, leaf hoppers and thrips were causing considerable damage while whiteflies and aphids considered as minor during rabi and summer. Leaf miner and leaf folder were considered as major defoliators during rabi-summer which are replaced by Spodoptera litura and Bihar hairy caterpillar in Kharif. Among the pod borers Etiella zinckenella and Cydia ptychora were major and caused considerable damage during summer and Kharif, respectively. Stem fly was absent during early rabi while it was present in late rabi, Kharif and summer. The insect pest incidence spectrum varied in different growing seasons of soybean crop in this region.
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