Fault ride through compliance as imposed by grid codes prevents undesirable disconnection of renewable plants from the network even during fault. Diversified control schemes adopted in the converters associated with such plants modulate the voltage and current output significantly during a fault. This varies the fault characteristics of the renewable plant at times and thereby affects the performance of the distance relay protecting lines connected to such plants. In this paper, a distance protection method using local data is proposed for transmission lines connecting renewable plants. The proposed method calculates the phase angle of faulted loop current by determining the pure-fault impedance of the renewable plant at every instant following fault detection, irrespective of the control scheme associated with the plant. Utilizing the information, it calculates the line impedance up to fault point accurately. Performance of the proposed adaptive protection method is tested on renewable integrated modified 39-bus New England system using PSCAD/EMTDC simulated data and found to be accurate. Comparative assessment with the conventional distance relaying technique reveals its superiority.
Change in network structure or operating condition in a power system affects the impedance as calculated by distance relay during fault. Such changes may lead to malfunction of distance relay at times. In this paper, an adaptive distance relay setting method using local data is proposed to prevent zone-1 malfunction following structural and operational changes. The performance of proposed adaptive setting method is tested on 39-bus New England system and a generic 12-bus power system using PSCAD/EMTDC simulation data and a comparative assessment is also provided.
Fault ride through compliance as imposed by the grid codes (GCs) prevents the inadvertent disconnection of the renewable plants from the network even during faults. Control algorithms applied in the converters associated with such plants modulate the fault characteristics significantly and result in malfunction of available fault type classifiers at times. In this article, an adaptive fault type classification technique is proposed for transmission network connecting converter-interfaced renewable plants. The method calculates sequence current angles in the faulted loop by determining pure-fault impedance of the plant at every instant during fault using local voltage and current data for fault type identification. The proposed method is tested for different fault situations on renewable integrated standard systems using PSCAD/EMTDC. The performance of the proposed method is found to be accurate in the presence of different types of renewable plants and complying different GC requirements. Comparative assessment reveals its superior performance.
Control schemes in a solar plant complying with different grid codes modulate the output voltage and current significantly during fault. In this paper, the issue with conventional current differential approaches for the line connecting large solar plant is analyzed and a new protection technique using both end incremental current phasors is proposed. The proposed method uses two criteria to identify the internal faults in such connectivity. The first criterion is based on the ratio of both end incremental phase current phasors and the second one uses the magnitude ratio of positive sequence incremental currents. Both the criteria are adaptive to line terminal currents and complement each other enriching the method applicable for any system condition. Performance of the proposed method is tested for different internal and external fault cases and found to be accurate. The compatibility of the proposed method is also validated using real-time simulator. Comparative assessment with conventional current differential techniques reveals the superiority of the proposed approach.Index Terms-Line differential protection, power system faults, adaptive relaying, solar photovoltaic power plant.Adaptive unit protection for lines connecting large solar plants using incremental current ratio
Change in network structure or operating condition in a power system affects the impedance as calculated by distance relay during fault. Such changes may lead to malfunction of distance relay at times. In this paper, an adaptive distance relay setting method using local data is proposed to prevent zone-1 malfunction following structural and operational changes. The performance of proposed adaptive setting method is tested on 39-bus New England system and a generic 12-bus power system using PSCAD/EMTDC simulation data and a comparative assessment is also provided.
Variation in infeed current challenges the distance relay performance significantly for protection of multi-terminal lines. Underreach issue with such a line configuration becomes more prominent for a relay at the substation when connected to renewable sources, due to generation variability and converter control operation. This may result in an incorrect decision by the distance relay, especially with a fixed zone-1 setting. In this paper an adaptive distance relaying method is proposed for such line configurations. The method obtains the remote end data during pre-fault and calculates the fault distance to derive accurate protection decision. Performance of the proposed method is tested for a three-terminal line using PSCAD/EMTDC. Comparative assessment with conventional distance relaying demonstrates the superiority of the proposed method.
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