Oceanic Net primary production (NPP) results from the photosynthesis of marine plankton, which accounts for half of the global primary production and influences the carbon cycle, and transfers organic matter and energy to marine ecosystems. Anthropogenic activities severely stress the ocean ecosystem through warming and acidification and have significantly altered NPP. In this context, we assess the long-term changes in NPP in the Indian Ocean (IO) with respect to the changes in physical processes and nutrient input to the oceans. Under the extreme warming scenario, the western AS shows a positive trend (0.7–0.9 °C/yr) in summer, where the basin-wide seasonal maximum in NPP is observed (400–500 mg/m3). Similarly, the rise in SST and decline in DNO3 in the upwelling-prone regions like western AS, Seychelles-Chagos Thermocline Ridge (SCTR), and southwest AS have adversely affected the NPP in IO. Contrary to this, cooling is observed in the northern AS during winter (-0.1–0.2 °C/yr), combined with the rise in DFe concentration, favour the NPP there. A decline in NPP in the IO (-25.31 mg/yr) will adversely affect the marine food chain and biogeochemical cycles.
Ocean phytoplankton form complex groups of interplayed living organisms in the marine food web, with profound control in marine biological and geochemical cycles, forming ecological structures and affecting climate regulatory systems. They have a significant impact on the marine biochemical and geochemical cycles, help to construct ecological structures, and influence the mechanisms that regulate the global climate. The world's oceanic regions are changing very rapidly there Physical processes and biogeochemistry. A significant portion of the global population relies on ocean resources for their daily livelihood. Since the biogeochemistry of the oceans is crucial for the marine food chain. It is imperative to monitor and detect the changes in oceans' Primary Productivity (PP). Rates and drivers of Primary Productivity (PP) have been well understood for many terrestrial diversified ecosystems but persist unsolved for many marine ecosystems, particularly those within open ocean environments. Here, we analyze the decadal changes in Net Primary Productivity (NPP) in the global ocean and their potential drivers. Ocean warming strengthens upper ocean seasonal or inter-seasonal thermal stratification, mesoscale circulation, water density, and nutrient uptake. These are the major factors playing central roles in regulating PP all over the ocean.
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