Introduction: Cervical rib is usually asymptomatic. It is usually detected incidentally when radiograph is done for other reasons. Cervical rib has been found to be symptomatic in about 10% of cases. This study was carried out to evaluate the prevalence of cervical ribs and percentage of symptomatic patients among Nepalese population in western development region.Methods: Total of 3600 chest and cervical spine radiographs of patients done for various purposes in radiology department were evaluated for presence of cervical rib. Study was carried out during September 2013 to February 2014. Patients of 16 years and above were included in the study. History was also noted to see if patients with cervical rib were symptomatic. SPSS version 17 software was used in data analysis.Results: Prevalence of cervical ribs was found to be 1.1 % with higher rate in females. Among 39 patients with cervical rib; bilateral cervical ribs was seen in 46.2 %. Cervical rib was more common on right side, seen in 38.5 % of cases. It was seen on left side in 15.4 % of cases. Cervical rib was found to be symptomatic in 10.25 % of patients. Among them; two patients presented with pain in arm and other two presented with hard swelling in right cervical region.Conclusion: The cervical rib is common in our population. Patients with pain, numbness in arm and swelling in cervical region should be evaluated for cervical rib.
Background: As ovarian malignancies are one of the commonest malignancies in female population, timely and accurate diagnosis helps in early treatment resulting in better survival. Ultrasound is easily available diagnostic tool not only to diagnose but also accurately distinguish malignant from benign ovarian masses. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of ultrasound in diagnosing and differentiating benign from malignant ovarian masses in comparison with histopathological findings. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was carried out from August 2015 to August 2018 for a period of 3 years. Total 150 patients with ovarian masses who were operated in our hospital and their final histopathological reports were available, were included in our study. Ultrasound diagnosis and histopathological diagnosis were compared. Results: Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of ultrasound in diagnosing and differentiating malignant from benign ovarian masses were found to be 78.94%, 98.47% and 88.23% respectively compared with histopathological findings. Conclusion: Ultrasound is very sensitive, specific and accurate in not only diagnosing ovarian mass but also in differentiating malignant from benign entities making it invaluable and important diagnostic tool in evaluation of ovarian masses.
Urinary bladder diverticulum presenting as an inguinal hernia is an uncommon condition found in about 1-5% of inguinal hernia. Long standing increase of the intravesical pressure resulting from urinary bladder outlet obstruction can cause both secondary bladder diverticula and groin hernias. We present a case of urinary bladder diverticulum herniating through the left inguinal canal, which was confirmed by micturating cystourethrogram. Although these conditions are usually, diagnosed intraoperatively, radiological diagnosis still holds its utmost importance to improve the overall management.
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