The kinetics of oxidation of cyclanols by Vv in acetic acid ‐ water mixtures at constant acidity is reported. The results are discussed in the light of I strain hypothesis. The postulated mechanism of Waters for cyclanol oxidation is also discussed with reference to this series of alcohols.
It is essential to develop a leaching procedure that uses minimal acid consumption, is economical, recovers large amounts of metal, and has a minimal negative impact on the environment. In this paper, a viable hydrometallurgical method using acetic acid as a leachant is suggested for recovering critical metals from waste LCO-type batteries. Several leaching parameters were examined in order to optimize the leaching conditions. With 1.2 mol/L acetic acid, 7% H2O2, 90 °C, an S/L ratio of 10 g/L, and a 60 min leaching period, the maximum leaching efficiencies of Li (99.6%) and Co (95.6%) were attained. By investigating the different kinetic models, it was feasible to figure out the reaction’s pace, as well as the mechanism involved in the leaching process. It was found, through the comprehensive kinetic studies of the leaching process, that the surface chemical reaction controls the leaching mechanism for waste LCO-type batteries. The economic viability of the current leaching procedure in comparison to those of earlier approaches is also discussed.
The kinetics of Ruthenium( Ill) chloride mediated oxidation of acetone, 2-butanone, 4-methyl-2-pentanone, 2-pentanone, cyclopentanone, and cyclohexanone by sodium periodate in aqueous HCIO, media was zero-order in I lo,-) and first-order in I ketone]. The reaction was independent of added I R u ( l l 1 ) J and showed first-order dependence on [H+] for all the ketones studied, except acetone. In the case of acetone at I H +I < 0 05 M , the rate was independent of I H ' I, the order in IRu(1ll)J being unity; but at IH'] > 0.05 M the reaction showed unit dependence on IH'I and the order in I R u ( 1 l l ) J was zero Ruthenium(VI11) generated in situ is postulated as the hydride abstracting species A mechanism involving enolization as the rate determining step is proposed. Acetone at lower acidity of the medium is shown to react directly with Ru(VIII). In the absence of ruthenium(l1l) chloride, the kinetics were first-order in
The kinetics of chlorination of toluene, o-methyl toluene, p-methyl toluene, m-methyl toluene, and m-chlorotoluene by chloramine-T(CAT) in aqueous acetic acid in the presence of HClOl have been studied. The reaction is first order with respect to [CAT] as well as [H+].The order with respect to the substrate is unity in the case of toluene and m-chlorotoluene, fractional in the case of o-methyl toluene and p-methyl toluene, and zero order in the case of m-methyl toluene. Nuclear halogenation has been observed with m-methyl toluene, while nuclear and side-chain halogenation for p-methyl toluene and o-methyl toluene, and sidechain halogenation for toluene and m-chlorotoluene are the pathways. An increase in the proportion of acetic acid accelerates the rate. Added acetate ions inhibit the reaction, and added p-toluene sulfonamide causes a pronounced retardation. A mechanism involving AcO+HCl as the important electrophile is discussed.
The kinetics of oxidation of aldosugars and ketosugar by quinquevalent vanadium in binary mixtures of DMSO-water and acetic acid-water in sulfuric acid medium have been studied. The reaction is first order in both oxidant and substrate. The effect of acidity on the reaction kinetics has been determined. The effect of acidity shows a clear difference. The ketose has a unit dependence, whereas aldoses have a 0.5 dependence in Ho. The role of solvent in these reactions has also been studied, and the effect of temperature on these reactions has been determined. A suitable mechanism has been postulated taking all the observed facts into consideration.
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