This paper focuses on the roles of the domestic factors on the failed transition to democracy in Egypt. Domestic factors had important impact on the authoritarian regime and established order in Egypt. The defenders of the established order had gotten much income from the authoritarian regime, yet many people had gotten less income from the state. Therefore, contrary to popular belief, the internal dynamics in Egypt Arab Spring served not to change the balances in the Middle East, but to the continuation of the institutional order (the established order). The domestic factors such as social, political and economic factors were the reasons of uprising. The former regime supporters regained the power by the military coup d'état with financial and political support from global actors.
The paper aims to roles of the global actors on the failed transition to democracy in Egypt. In this study, the negative political influence of powerful states on Egypt evaluated in terms of democracy. The current social inequality in the region continued to increase in the 2000s. Egypt's authoritarian leader were not able to establish the relations between state structures and citizens in the last decade. The global actors had crucial roles on the continuation the authoritarian regime in Egypt. They were easily able to get their demands from Hosni Mubarak. When the time was at the end of 2010, the popular uprising movements affected the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region deeply. Egypt was one of the most remarkable countries in the region where Hosni Mubarak ousted. The people in Egypt wanted to have a democratic rule in order to have solutions to the social inequality, favoritism, and corruption. Normally, the powerful global actors should have played positive role so as to enable democratic transition. The United States of America and the European Union needed a more proactive policy along with the acceptability of a democratic criteria. Unfortunately, external actors were silent in the following the process in the first place because they were caught unprepared for the Arab Spring and did not expect such a result. Later on, foreign powers supported the counter-revolution in Egypt when they saw that the things did not go as they would have liked. They expressed their support most clearly in the post-coup statements discussing military and financial issues.
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