The teaching and learning of mathematics in schools has drawn tremendous attention since the education reform in Taiwan. In addition to assessing cognitive abilities, Taiwan Assessment of Student Achievement in Mathematics (TASA-MAT) collects background information to help depict average student achievement in schools in an educational context. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between student achievement in mathematics and student background characteristics. The data for this study was derived from the sample for the 2005 TASA-MAT Sixth-Grade Main Survey in Taiwan. The average age of the sixth-grade students in Taiwan is 11 years old, as was the sample for the 2005 TASA-MAT. Student socioeconomic status (SES) and student learning-goal orientation were specified as predictor variables of student performance in mathematics. The results indicate that the better performance in mathematics tended to be associated with a higher SES and stronger mastery goal orientation. The SES factor accounted for 4.98% of the variance, and student learninggoal orientation accounted for an additional 10.61% of the variance. The major implication obtained from this study was that goal orientation was much more significant than SES in predicting student performance in mathematics. In addition, the Rasch model treatment of the ordinal response-category data is a novel approach to scoring the goalorientation items, with the corresponding results in this study being satisfactory.
Traditional rhetoric theory regards metaphor and metonymy as two literary rhetoric devices. Modern cognitive linguistics believes that metaphor does not only exist in the field of literature. Metaphor is not only a rhetorical device but also a way of thinking. However, the current research on metaphor and metonymy is still limited to the English language world. Hence, there is a lack of knowledge and research on metaphor and metonymy across languages and cultures. This paper begins with an overview of metaphor from the perspective of modern cognitive linguistics. Then, it expounds on the differences between metaphor and metonymy from two aspects of structure and function. Besides, this paper analyzes the differences between metaphor and metonymy with examples based on the Chinese cultural background.
Since the 1990s, the popularity of cultural and creative industries has been set off worldwide, and the creative economy has become a new and important growth of the regional economy. Around the theme of cultural and creative industries, its derivative research fields, such as public policies, governance, cultural, industrial parks, art industrial, etc., are also highly sought after by people. However, at this stage, it seems that the public only sees the positive aspects of cultural and creative industries but seldom focuses on their negative aspects. This paper mainly reviews Peck's critical analysis of Florida bestsellers The Rise of the Creative Class: And how it is Transforming Work, Leisure, Community and Everyday Life, and makes an in-depth analysis around the creative class and in connection with the advanced viewpoints of index scholars in the field of cultural and creative industries.
The purpose of this study was to develop a computerized and interactive number sense dynamic assessment system (CNSDA) on number sense to investigate the characteristics of elementary students’ performance. Number sense is the ability of awareness and reasoning for the relationships among the numbers embedded in the authentic context or situation. Around 150 fifth grade students were sampled. The results show that the adaptive hint system of CNSDA could promote the students’ number sense effectively. The correlation coefficients between CNSDA posttest and the Mathematic Computerized Adaptive Ability Test (MCAT) and the Computerized Estimation Test (CET) are higher than the static pretest. For the students with weaker number sense, CNSDA is a helpful learning and assessing resource.
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