Background
As Koreans adopt more Westernized diets, consumer demands for processed food products are growing. The Korean government implemented a food labeling system to help people reasonably choose processed foods. This study investigated the utilization of these food labels among Koreans, as well as demographic differences between users and non-users of food labels, ultimately presenting foundational data for strategies to enhance dietary lifestyles by facilitating the use of food labeling.
Methods
Data from the 2014–2017 Community Health Survey were used. The Cochran-Armitage trend test was performed to investigate whether food labeling awareness and utilization increase over time; a data mining technique called decision tree analysis was then used to examine the effects of sociodemographic factors on the use of food labeling for each of the 4 years.
Results
Food labeling awareness increased by 4.5% over 4 years; the Cochran–Armitage trend test showed that this increase was statistically significant (χ
2
= 1,068.21;
P
< 0.001). Food labeling utilization increased significantly but marginally, by 0.3%, over 4 years (χ
2
= 20.154;
P
< 0.001). Decision tree analysis showed that food labeling users comprised mainly women in their 30s–50s currently in graduate school or with a graduate degree; the non-user group comprised mainly divorced/widowed/separated people in their 70s who were elementary school grads or below.
Conclusion
Education level, which could be related to health literacy, substantially affected the use of food labeling. Education level is a typical socioeconomic index, and if people who are less educated tend not to use food labeling, it can lead to health inequity. Thus, food labeling should be reformed with consideration of health literacy among the less-educated social classes. From a health communication perspective, images and pictures can boost consumers' understanding, which should be considered to improve comprehensibility of food labeling.
The purpose of this study was through a survey of awareness of cancer and cancer screening of Korean community residents to identify the stereotypes of cancer and bases for development of improved screening programs for early detection. Subjects were residing in South Korea Gangwon-Province and were over 30 years and under 69 years old. The total was 2,700 persons which underwent structured telephone survey questionnaires considered with specific rates of gender, region, and age. For statistical analysis, PASW Statistics 17.0 WIN was utilized. Frequency analysis, the Chi-square (c 2 ) test for univariate analysis, and logistic regression analysis were performed. The awareness of cancer and cancer screening in subjects differed by gender, region and age. For the idea of cancer, women thought about death less than men (OR: 0.73, p<0.001). On the other hand, women had negative thoughts -fear/terror/suffering/pain/pain -more than their male counterparts (OR: 2.04, p<0.001). Next, for the idea of cancer screening, women recognized fear/terror more than men (OR: 1.38, p<0.01). The higher age, the more tension/anxiety/worry/burden/irritated/pressure (OR: 1.43, p<0.01, OR: 2.15, p<0.001, OR: 2.49, p<0.001)). People may be reminded of fear and death for cancer and of fear, terror, tension and anxiety for cancer screening. To change vague fear and negative attitudes of cancer could increase the rate of cancer screening as well as help to improve the quality of life for community cancer survivors and facilitate return to normal social life. Therefore, it is necessary to provide promotion and education to improve the awareness of cancer and cancer screening.
Purpose:The purpose of this study was to provide basic research material necessary for the establishment of comprehensive nursing service units, through a comparative analysis of inpatient satisfaction with nursing between comprehensive nursing service and general units and the work stress of nurses. Methods: The survey participants were inpatients and nurses from 3 general hospitals in Busan, including 6 units, 123 nurses and 220 patients. Date collection was done through March and April 2016. Collected data were analyzed using test and independent t-test with SPSS 23 Win program. Results: Inpatients on comprehensive nursing service units had higher scores for satisfaction than inpatients on general units. There was no statistically significant difference in nurses' work stress between the two types of units. Conclusion: The findings indicate that although inpatient satisfaction with comprehensive nursing service units is higher than for general units, work stress for nurses is comparatively high for both types of units. While it is necessary to expand the implementation of comprehensive nursing service units, an institutional strategy for reducing nurses' work stress is required if the expansion is to be successful..
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