The Landau-Zener (LZ) transition is one of the most fundamental phenomena in quantum dynamics. It describes nonadiabatic transitions between quantum states near an avoided crossing that can occur in diverse physical systems. Here we report experimental measurements and tuning of LZ transitions between the dressed eigenlevels of a synthetically spin-orbit (SO) coupled Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). We measure the transition probability as the BEC is accelerated through the SO avoided crossing, and study its dependence on the coupling between the diabatic (bare) states, eigenlevel slope, and eigenstate velocity-the three parameters of the LZ model that are independently controlled in our experiments. Furthermore, we performed time-resolved measurements to demonstrate the breaking-down of the spin-momentum locking of the spin-orbit coupled BEC in the nonadiabatic regime, and determine the diabatic switching time of the LZ transitions. Our observations show quantitative agreement with the LZ model and numerical simulations of the quantum dynamics in the quasimomentum space. The tunable LZ transition may be exploited to enable a spin-dependent atomtronic transistor.

A general treatment of ultracold two-body scattering in the presence of isotropic spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is presented. Owing to the mixing of different partial-wave channels, scattering with SOC is in general a coupled multichannel problem. A systematic method is introduced to analytically solve a class of coupled differential equations by recasting the coupled-channel problem as a simple eigenvalue problem. The exact Green's matrix in the presence of SOC is found, which readily gives the scattering solutions for any two identical particles in any total angular momentum subspace having negligible center-of-mass momentum. Application of this formalism to two spin-1 bosons shows the ubiquitous low-energy threshold behavior for systems with isotropic SOC. A modified threshold behavior shows up, which does not occur for the spin-orbit coupled spin-| system. We also confirm the parity-breaking mechanism for the spontaneous emergence of handedness, which has been proposed by Duan et al. [H. Duan, L. You, and B. Gao, Phys. Rev. A 87, 052708 (2013)]. Additionally, a two-body bound state is found for any arbitrarily small and negative scattering length. Our study sheds light on the few-body side of SOC physics and provides one step towards understanding ultracold scattering in a non-Abelian gauge field.

A comprehensive and feasible model that delineates the interrelationships among diversified learning mechanisms, information management and knowledge creation is absent. This study aims to fill this void. Unlike previous research, this study investigates the causality of knowledge creation from two different perspectives: information management strategy, i.e. distributed data application and administration (DDAA), and organizational learning mechanisms (OLM). A term has been defined, OIM (organizational information mechanism), to represent the composite effect of both DDAA and OLM. In this framework, it is argued that the composite effect of information management and organizational learning mechanisms influence the result of knowledge creation. In order to test the feasibility of this framework, an empirical study was conducted. This study employed a survey instrument which contained data collected from 500 organizations in manufacturing, trade, transportation and service industries, and academic institutions. In all, 232 usable responses were analysed. The study identified three causal relationships: (1) the composite effect of DDAA is positively related to knowledge creation; (2) the composite effect of OLM is positively related to knowledge creation; and (3) the composite effect of OIM (organizational information mechanism) is positively related to knowledge creation. The implications of the study are discussed, and further research directions are proposed.

Understanding the effects of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and many-body interactions on spin transport is important in condensed matter physics and spintronics. This topic has been intensively studied for spin carriers such as electrons but barely explored for charge-neutral bosonic quasiparticles (including their condensates), which hold promises for coherent spin transport over macroscopic distances. Here, we explore the effects of synthetic SOC (induced by optical Raman coupling) and atomic interactions on the spin transport in an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), where the spin-dipole mode (SDM, actuated by quenching the Raman coupling) of two interacting spin components constitutes an alternating spin current. We experimentally observe that SOC significantly enhances the SDM damping while reducing the thermalization (the reduction of the condensate fraction). We also observe generation of BEC collective excitations such as shape oscillations. Our theory reveals that the SOC-modified interference, immiscibility, and interaction between the spin components can play crucial roles in spin transport.