An instrumental system based on a two-dimensional detector to measure electron number densities in plasmas is described. High-resolution H spectra are detected simultaneously at up to 200 spatial locations. Radially resolved electron number densities are determined, following Abel inversion and comparison of H line profiles to theoretical Stark-broadened spectra. The particular interpolation procedure used to calculate H spectra from discrete literature data can affect the calculated electron number density values. Radially and vertically resolved electron number maps for inductively coupled plasmas supported in Fassel-type and low-flow torches are presented. Electron number densities in the center of the 1.0-kW ICPs are less than 2.5 × 1014 cm−3. Short-term precision is better than 1% relative standard deviation except low in the center of the plasma, where the H intensity is low on-axis and larger off-axis.
A method for direct de termination of total in organic arsenic (III+V), arsenic (III) and dimethylarsinate (DMA) in sea water was developed by combining continuous‐flow selective hydride generation and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) is presented. The principle underlying selective hydride generation is based on proper control of the reaction conditions for achieving separation of the respective arsenic species. The effects of pH and composition of reaction media on mutual interference between the arsenic species were investigated in detail. The results indicate that the appropriate media for the selective determination of total in organic arsenic, DMA and As(III) are 6 M HNO3, acetate buffer at pH = 4.63 and citrate buffer at pH = 6.54, respectively. The concentrations of total inorganic arsenic species, As(III+V), and As(III) were respectively deter mined and that of As(V) was obtained by the difference between them. As to the concentration of DMA, it was obtained after correction from the interference caused by As(III) and As(V). By following the established procedure, the detection lim its (as based on 3‐sigma criterion) for As(III+V), As(III) and DMA were 0.050, 0.009, and 0.002 ng/mL, respectively. There liability of the pro posed method was evaluated in terms of precision and spike addition. The results indicated that the precision of better than 3% and spike recovery of 95 to 105% for all the arsenic species tested in the natural sea water samples can be obtained.
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