The agricultural biomass classification includes the biomass obtained from fast growing energy crops. One of these crops is the perennial grass Miscanthus x giganteus, which after the third and fourth year of plantation forms a high-density stand with exceptionally high and firm shoots. Thus, special emphasis should be put on the harvesting systems. For Miscanthus harvesting, haymaking and silage making machinery is mainly used by applying single-phase or multi-phase techniques. The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the Miscanthus x giganteus biomass harvesting systems with regard to the form of harvested biomass, either shredded or/and baled biomass. In addition to application of fertilizers, biomass harvest is the only agro-technical measure that is used when a plantation reaches full maturity and it should be applied with the lowest possible energy input and biomass loss. Due to increased interest in production of energy from Miscanthus x giganteus biomass, the existing machinery is being adjusted to these new requirements and new specialised machines are being developed.
Kakvoća voća ovisi o postupcima prije i poslije berbe, što je naročito izraženo kod bobičastog i jagodičastog voća, koje se ubraja u skupinu voćnih vrsta koje su najosjetljivije na mehanička oštećenja. Uzgoj voća je radno intenzivan i spor proces s visokim troškovima proizvodnje. Uz nedavni napredak u poljoprivrednoj tehnologiji razvijeni su mehanički i robotski strojevi koji, u usporedbi s tradicionalnim uzgojem i postupcima poslije berbe bobičastog i jagodičastog voća, osim što smanjuju troškove proizvodnje smanjenjem potreba za radnom snagom, ostvaruju i značajnu uštedu vremena. Ovaj rad donosi pregled aktualnih znanja o mehanizaciji u uzgoju i postupcima poslije berbe bobičastog i jagodičastog voća, s naglaskom na kratki opis najnovijih mehaničkih i robotskih kombajna dostupnih na tržištu.
Preliminary communicationThe most significant factor for controlling root size of red beet is likely to be the density of seed plantings. Most red beet is produced by direct sowing with precision drills at an in-row spacing of 5 to 10 cm, aiming at 30 to 70 plants per m 2 . The purpose of this research was to examine the effects of varied forward speed on in-row seed spacing distribution accuracy of red beet using different types of precision drills. It was found that an increase in the drill operating speed decreases drilling precision. The best in-row seed spacing distribution accuracy was determined at the speed of 0,83 m/s with the pneumatic feed precision drill operated suction system, when 83,1 % of seeds were laid at the 0,5÷1,5 of the theoretical seed spacing. Inferior results were obtained with the belt feed mechanism at an operating speed of 1,81 m/s.Keywords: drill forward speed; feed mechanism; precision drill; red beet; seed spacing accuracy Utjecaj brzine kretanja i tehničkih izvedbi precizne sijačice na preciznost sjetve cikle unutar reda Prethodno priopćenje Veličina korjena cikle najviše ovisi o broju biljaka po jedinici površine (sklopu). U proizvodnji cikle večinom se koriste precizne sijačice podešene na razmak sjemena od 5 do 10 cm u redu, a radi dobivanja sklopa od 30 do 70 biljaka po 1 m 2 . Svrha istraživanja je bila utvrditi utjecaj različitih brzina kretanja preciznih sijačica različitih izvedbi na preciznost sjetve unutar reda. Utvrđeno je da se povećanjem brzine kretanja sijačice smanjuje preciznost sjetve. Najprecizniji razmak sjemena unutar reda postignut je s preciznom pneumatskom sijačicom s podtlakom pri brzini kretanja od 0,83 m/s, gdje je 83,1 % sjemena bilo posijano unutar skupine od 0,5 do 1,5 od traženog (teoretskog) razmaka. U sjetvi s preciznom sijačicom s mehaničkim sijaćim uređajem s trakom pri brzini kretanja od 1,81 m/s su dobiveni lošiji rezultati.
This paper presents results of field measurements of working performance and fuel consumption evaluation in various operating conditions. Three versions of carrot extraction machines (Dewulf, Europa 2000 and Asa lift) at three locations and two varieties of carrots (Maestro F1 and Mello Yello F1) was. In optimum soil conditions, fuel consumption ranged from 8.4 to 12.5 L/ha, while in heavy operation conditions for extraction machines fuel consumption increased significantly for 65%. The performance of carrot extraction in optimal soil conditions was on average between 3-4 t/ha. In unfavorable soil conditions (soil sodden, mud or too dry soil) working effects up to 70% and this has direct negative consequences on the overall carrots production costs.
Unazad dvadesetak godina na području Pitomače i Virovitice se intenzivirao uzgoj ljekovitog bilja, a posebno kamilice. Tako da je Republika Hrvatska jedna od najvećih proizvođača ljekovitog bilja u Europi. Najviše se izvozi u Italiju, Njemačku i skandinavske zemlje. Potvrđeno je da je ljekovito bilje (a tako i kamilica) najkvalitetnija u ovom dijelu Europe. U radu je prikazana suvremena linija strojeva i opreme za berbu i doradu kamilice.
Rad obuhvaća analizu različitih tehnoloških postupaka i mogućnosti primjene dodatne opreme na prskalicama u zaštiti ratarskih i povrtlarskih kultura a s aspekta racionalne primjene pesticida kao što su herbicidi, insekticidi i fungicidi. Primjena dodatne opreme kao što su produžene cijevi u primjeni herbicida, sklop za prilagodbu mlaznica u primjeni insekticida i fungicida kao i uređaj (bio-kolektor) za sakupljanje kukaca kao i karte aplikacije pesticida mogu doprinijeti isti efekt u zaštiti s manjom potrošnjom sredstva kao i manje tretiranje ne ciljanih površina.
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