Two hundred and six standard PA chest X-rays were measured. The mean diameter of the left main bronchus (LMB) was 12.6±1.9 mm. The mean diameter of the 92 male LMB was 13.0±2.6, and for females 11.8±1.6. These data correspond closely to that reported by others. The correlation between the diameter of the LMB and that of the trachea was 0.74 but was not precise enough to be useful as an estimate for clinical use. Similarly there was good correlation between the diameter of the right main bronchus and that of the left (r=0.75) but not precise enough to be clinically useful. In contrast to previous claims, only direct measurement of the left main bronchus has sufficient precision to define the appropriate size of left double-lumen tube to be selected for lung separation.
Purpose International variations in visual acuity (VA) outcomes of eyes treated for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) are well-documented, but intracountry inter-centre regional variations are not known. These data are important for national quality outcome indicators. We aimed to determine intra-country and intercentre regional variations in outcomes for treatment of nAMD. Patients and methods Prospective multicentre national database study of 13 UK centres that treated patients according to a set protocol (three loading doses, followed by Pro-Re-Nata retreatment). A total of 5811 treatment naive eyes of 5205 patients received a total of 36 206 ranibizumab injections over 12 months. Results Mean starting VA between centres varied from 48.9 to 59.9 ETDRS letters. Mean inter-centre VA change from baseline to 12 months varied from +6.9 letters to − 0.6 letters (mean of +2.5 letters). The proportion of eyes achieving VA of 70 letters or more varied between 21.9 and 48.7% at 12 months. Median number of injections (visits) at each centre varied from 5 to 8 (9 to 12), with an overall median of 6 (11). Age, starting VA, number of injections, and visits, but not gender were significantly associated with variation in these VA outcomes (Po0.01). Significant variation between centres persisted even after adjusting for these factors. Conclusion There are modest differences in VA outcomes between centres in the UK. These differences are influenced, but not completely explained, by factors such as patient age, starting VA, number of injections, and visits. These data provide an indication of the VA outcomes that are achievable in real-world settings.
Our case represents an unusual cause of serious ocular injury in a domestic setting wherein appropriate and timely intervention resulted in a good clinical outcome.
difference in the behaviour of the two races under surgical disease varied in hybrids according to the amount of white blood which they possessed. As a result of his study he suggests: (1). Surgical af¬ fections pursue different courses in the white and colored races under identical hygienic surroundings. (2). Surgical operations and injuries are better bome by negroes than by whites.(3). Surgical diseases involving the lymphatic system, especially tubercular, are more fatal in negroes than in whites. (5). Surgical differences between negroes and whites are due to racial peculiarities.-American Surgical Associ¬ ation, 1887. V. Puncture of the Heart in Chloroform Narcosis. By B. A. Watson, M. D. (Jersey City). This paper is an experimental study based upon sixty cases in which the operation was done in dogs, and concludes: (1). The puncture of the heart, especially of the right ventricle, stimulates the muscular contractions, and may be ad¬ vantageously employed in the treatment of chloroform narcosis. (2).
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.