The growing demand for animal products and the widespread use of antibiotics in bringing food animals to market have heightened concerns over cross-species transmission of drug resistance. Both the biology and emerging epidemiology strongly support the need for global coordination in stemming the generation and propagation of resistance, and the patchwork of global and country-level regulations still leaves significant gaps. More importantly, discussing such a framework opens the door to taking modular steps towards solving these challenges - for example, beginning among targeted parties rather than all countries, tying accountability to financial and technical support, or taxing antibiotic use in animals to deter low-value usage of these drugs. An international agreement would allow integrating surveillance data collection, monitoring and enforcement, research into antibiotic alternatives and more sustainable approaches to agriculture, technical assistance and capacity building, and financing under the umbrella of a One Health approach.

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Letters to the Editor pective, controlled study, we found that nitrofurantoin, administered orally from the first postoperative day until the catheter was removed, was highly effective in preventing bacteriuria in patients who had come to operation with uninfected urine.8 In conclusion, we agree a knowledge of the prevalent bacteria in urinary infection is helpful but to rely on this alone in selecting agents to prevent postoperative septic complications is insufficient and may be dangerous.