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▪ Abstract  Increasing urbanization and concern about sustainability and quality of life issues have produced considerable interest in flow and dispersion in urban areas. We address this subject at four scales: regional, city, neighborhood, and street. The flow is one over and through a complex array of structures. Most of the local fluid mechanical processes are understood; how these combine and what is the most appropriate framework to study and quantify the result is less clear. Extensive and structured experimental databases have been compiled recently in several laboratories. A number of major field experiments in urban areas have been completed very recently and more are planned. These have aided understanding as well as model development and evaluation.

Vertical distribution of concentration, Vertical plume 47,4a buoyancy conservation equation, 12 entrainment velocity, 12 momentum conservation equation, 13 rise in stable environment, 14 trajectory near source, 13 volume flux, 11 Virtual source, 14, 17 Visible plume dimensions for cooling Volume flux of plume, 11, 12 von Ka'rmin's constant, 6 tower, 76-77 Wake cavity, 20-24 Washout ratio, 71, 72 Wavelength of maximum energy, 8 Weighting scheme for winds, 88, 90 Wet deposition, 71, 72 Wet removal of sulfur, 88 Widows Creek Steam Plant, 81, 82 Wind direction shear, 5, 6 Wind profile in surface layer, 6, 7 Wind-speed power law, 32 Wind-tunnel experiments, 19-22 DISC LA1 M E R This book was prepared as an account of work sponsored b y an agency of the United States Government.

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