Objective To estimate the relative risk and lifetime risk of ovarian cancer in women with various Design A meta-analysis of all published caseecontrol and cohort studies.Methods Pooled relative risk estimates were calculated for the caseecontrol studies, using the MantelHaenzel method. These estimates were combined with the relative risks from the cohort studies. The pooled estimates of relative risk were used to estimate lifetime risks of ovarian cancer from age 15 Up to age 75, for various categories of family history.Main outcome measures Relative risks and lifetime risks of developing ovarian cancer were calculated for the categories of women with 1 . an affected first degree relative; 2. an affected mother; 3. an affected sister; and 4. women with more than one affected relative.
ResultsThe relative risk to first degree relatives is 3.1 (95% CI 2.6-3.7). There is some evidence that this relative risk declines with age. The relative risk to mothers of cases 1.1 (95% CI 0.8-1.6) was lower than the relative risks to sisters: 3.8 (95% CI 2.9-5.1), and daughters: 6.0 (95% CI 3.0-1 1.9); the explanation of this difference is unclear.Women with a family history of ovarian cancer have a substantially higher risk of developing ovarian cancer compared with women without such a history. However the risk is small for most categories of family history, except for the small number of individuals who have more than one affected relative.categories of family history.
Conclusions
State courts of general jurisdiction in the Nation's 75 largest counties disposed of almost 12,000 tort, contract, and real property cases by jury or bench trial during 2001. Juries decided almost three-fourths of these cases, while judges resolved about a fourth of them.
supervised report production. Mike Hough and his staff at the Research and Planning Unit of the Home Office reviewed a draft and gave significant assistance. ii Profile of inmates in the United States and England, and Wales, 1991 Overview 1 Souces of information 2 Criminal justice in the United States and in England and Wales 2 Types of correctional systems 3 Offenses 4 Criminal history 6 Sentence length 7 Comparisons between the incarcerated and general adult populations of the United States and of England and Wales 9 Young offenders 10 Race 11 Marital status 12 Employment 13 Education 14 Children of inmates 15 Family of origin 16 Methodology 17 Appendix I: Standard error tests 19 Appendix II: The number of inmates in the United States and in England and Wales, 1980-91 22 Selected sources 22 Profile of inmates in the United States and England, and Wales, 1991 iii Contents Note: The maps are not drawn to scale. Most numbers are rounded. For a discussion of categories and sources, see Methodology, page 17. For a presentation of trends in the number of persons incarcerated, see Appendix II, page 22.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.