Although intravitreal bevacizumab treatment is effective in inducing regression of ROP, the effect may be transient. Recurrence can occur later in the course than with conventional laser therapy. Late retinal detachment can occur despite early regression. Longterm favorable structural outcome may require extended observation and retreatment. Laser may be a useful treatment for recurrences.

Red reflex testing is an essential component of the neonatal, infant, and child physical examination. This statement, which is a revision of the previous policy statement published in 2002, describes the rationale for testing, the technique used to perform this examination, and the indications for referral to an ophthalmologist experienced in the examination of children.

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It is important to rapidly eradicate bacteria in patients with bacterial conjunctivitis in order to decrease disease transmission, shorten symptom duration, and minimize the emergence of resistant bacteria. This paper presents the results of kinetics of kill studies on 3 commonly isolated pathogens in bacterial conjunctivitis. A more rapid speed of kill with moxifloxacin compared with other nonfluoroquinolone antibiotics (tobramycin, gentamicin, polymyxin B/trimethoprim, or azithromycin) was observed in Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae infections. Moxifloxacin achieved a 99.9% kill at approximately 1 h for S aureus, 2 h for S pneumoniae, and 30 min for H influenzae. In comparison, other nonfluoroquinolone therapies took longer to achieve a bactericidal (3-log) kill and some demonstrated no change or an increase in bacterial growth. Based on these findings, it is concluded that moxifloxacin kills bacteria more rapidly than nonfluoroquinolone topical ocular antibiotics.

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