Film music scholars, composers, directors and audiences have always implicitly believed that music can help determine the focus of an audience's visual attention, but researchers have not as yet been able to prove this empirically. Eye-tracking research-the process of measuring either the point of gaze or the motion of the eyes-has grown exponentially in recent years. This paper reports on a foundational, empirical eye-tracking study that examined the effects of contextual musical attributes on visual attention, emotion and user experience during exploration tasks in moving images. Our results show that music is able to direct how we see by switching attention to target foci more quickly as well as lengthening fixations, and that music can also encourage greater exploration of visual scenes outside targets. Our work contributes the first step in understanding how music shapes visual attention using eye-tracking techniques. We encourage wider adoption of this approach which has the potential to enhance understanding of the complex processes of audiovisual perception in action.
Unstated and unacknowledged bias has a profound impact on the nature and implementation of integrative education models. Integrative education is the process of training conventional biomedical and traditional Chinese medicine practitioners in each tradition such that patient care may be effectively coordinated. A bilateral education model ensures that students in each tradition are cross-taught by experts from the ‘other’ tradition, imparting knowledge and values in unison. Acculturation is foundational to bilateral integrative medical education and practice. Principles are discussed for an open-minded bilateral educational model that can result in a new generation of integrative medicine teachers.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.