The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of calprotectin and lactoferrin, 2 microbiostatic proteins, in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of normal children. The children represented a population, primarily underprivileged, seeking care at a regional dental health care center. GCF was collected from Ramfjord teeth (or their deciduous equivalent). GCF volume was quantified by conductance. Calprotectin and lactoferrin levels were quantified by sandwich ELISA, and found to have a mean value of 70.8 ± 94.2 μg/mL and 68.2 ± 108.7 μg/mL, respectively. The levels of calprotectin and lactoferrin varied directly with one another and inversely with the amount of fluid obtained in a 20‐second sampling period. The mean levels were at or above the minimum inhibitory concentration determined in vitro. J Periodontol 1998;69:879–883.
The nature of support for public transit spending and organizational structure in a heavily automobile-dependent region is explored thorough structural equation modeling based on survey data from 500 randomly selected households in southeast Michigan. Alternative factors underlying support for transit taxation are tested, including congestion relief, environmental conservation, social service provision, perceived future need, and general attitude toward government spending. The study finds a surprisingly strong endorsement of transit as a necessary social service and concludes that in automobile-dependent areas, transit’s primary task when appealing for locally generated financing is to demonstrate its success in serving as the bottom-line guarantor of mobility for the young, elderly, disabled, unemployed, and poor.
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