Since the eighties, Belgium faces an increasing number of foreign prisoners. Accordingly, the number of foreign prisoners without a legal permit of residence, who are incarcerated in Belgian prisons due to (suspicion of) violation of the Belgian Criminal law is also rising. With regard to early release, all prisoners fall under the Belgian penitentiary Acts of 2005 and 2006 in which "reintegration" is an important leading principle. However, a considerable part of the foreign prisoners without a legal permit of residence is exposed to expulsion under the Belgian Act of 1980 on the entry, stay, settlement and expulsion of foreigners after their (early) release. The use of different legal frameworks with conflicting rationales with regard to release from prison has consequences for the possibilities to prepare the reintegration of foreign prisoners without residence permit. The aim of this article is to analyse the meaning, use and importance of the reintegration principle with regard to the early release from prison of foreign prisoners without a legal permit of residence. The consequences of the interaction of requirements from immigration and penitentiary laws with regard to their release in society will be discussed. Also some statistical data on the presence of foreign prisoners without a legal permit of residence in the Belgian prisons are presented and commented from a methodological point of view.

(Beyens & Boone, 2013, 8). In België verblijven deze strafrechtelijk gedetineerden zonder verblijfsrecht samen met gedetineerden met rechtmatig verblijf in eenzelfde inrichting en hebben in beginsel dezelfde rechten en plichten.Onderzoek van Beyens en Boone (2013) naar de ervaringen van gedetineerden en medewerkers met het Belgische detentieregime in de PI Tilburg laat zien dat gedetineerden het verblijf in de PI Tilburg doorgaans als positief ervaren, maar dat de detentiebeleving mede afhankelijk is van individuele kenmerken, zoals detentiefase, taal en verblijfsstatus. Dit geeft aanleiding te veronderstellen dat strafrechtelijk gedetineerden zonder verblijfsrecht het verblijf in detentie anders beleven dan gedetineerden met verblijfsrecht. Gezien het grote aantal gedetineerden zonder verblijfsrecht in de PI Tilburg en de toenemende tendens om gebruik te maken van strafrechtelijke detentie voor migranten zonder verblijfsrecht (Stumpf, 2006 Dit artikel uit Tijdschrift voor Criminologie is gepubliceerd door Boom Juridische uitgevers en is bestemd voor Utrecht University Library (202441)

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Until 2009, accompanied migrant minors without a residence permit were regularly detained in closed immigration detention centres in Belgium in view of forced return. However, following several convictions by the European Court of Human Rights, Belgium started to transfer families whose forced return is pending to open return units. At first, high compliance rates were observed: only 20% of the families 'escaped' from their unit. Yet, as compliance of families with a forced return order has decreased last year, a search for more effective measures was reinforced. In this chapter, this evolution (2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016) of forced return and corresponding detention practices related to families in an irregular migration situation in Belgium is analysed from a legal and practical point of view. Central is the argument that, although influences of human right standards have curtailed excessive detention practices, an instrumental quest for effective forced return measures is still predominant.

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