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. (2015) 'Darting primates in the eld : a review of reporting trends and a survey of practices and their eect on the primates involved.', International journal of primatology., 36 (5). pp. 894-915. Further information on publisher's website:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-015-9862-0Publisher's copyright statement:The nal publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-015-9862-0Additional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. AbstractCapture is one of the top ethical concerns of field primatologists, and darting is a common method of capturing primates. Little is published, however, about the safety of darting practices and conditions for the animals concerns. We conducted a literature review to examine trends in the reporting of darting methods and results, and two anonymous surveys of primatologists to gather information on darting methods and their effect on the primates involved. Among 111 papers reporting studies that darted primates, only 18 included full details of procedures, the total numbers of primates darted and the number, if any, of injuries and complications. In the surveys, 73 respondents reported on 2,092 dartings, including 44 injuries. The results show that smaller primates are more likely to be injured. 91% of seriously and fatally injured primates were arboreal, although arboreal species accounted for only 54% of the dartings. All primates who were fatally injured due to a dart hitting the abdomen or head were darted with a rifle, which were used for 45% of dartings. The presence of a veterinarian appears to reduce primate mortality in the event of injury or complications. Severe social effects of darting are not common, but include forced copulations, partner changes, and fatal attacks on infants. Lack of information about primate darting hinders refinement in methods that could improve safety. We hope this study will lead to greater sharing of information and the formation of a committee of experts in capture and immobilization to evaluate and regularly update protocols.

Graphical abstractHighlights► First reported cases of renal trematodosis in endangered red bird-of-paradise and Socorro doves. ► Paratanasia bragai identified morphologically and molecularly in several previously unreported columbiformes. ► New diagnostics developed from this work will be of direct benefit to the conservation of avian species.

A 7-yr-old female western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) shared an enclosure with 10 other gorillas at the Limbe Wildlife Centre (LWC), a wildlife rehabilitation centre in Cameroon. The gorilla had been living at the LWC for more than 6 yr prior to the exhibition of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)-like clinical signs. The gorilla improved dramatically after metronidazole therapy. The report suggests that metronidazole was effective because it eliminated the protozoa, Dientamoeba fragilis. Dientamoeba fragilis should be considered on the differential diagnosis list of any captive gorilla with IBS-like symptoms.

Plasmodium species are frequently host-specific, but little is currently known about the molecular factors restricting host switching. This is particularly relevant for P. falciparum, the only known human-infective species of the Laverania sub-genus, all other members of which infect African apes. Here we show that all tested P. falciparum isolates contain an inactivating mutation in an erythrocyte invasion associated gene, PfEBA165, the homologues of which are intact in all ape-infective Laverania species. Recombinant EBA165 proteins only bind ape, not human, erythrocytes, and this specificity is due to differences in erythrocyte surface sialic acids. Correction of PfEBA165 inactivating mutations by genome editing yields viable parasites, but is associated with down regulation of both PfEBA165 and an adjacent invasion ligand, which suggests that PfEBA165 expression is incompatible with parasite growth in human erythrocytes. Pseudogenization of PfEBA165 may represent a key step in the emergence and evolution of P. falciparum.

Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are susceptible to many viral and bacterial pathogens of human origin. This case series reports an acute outbreak of respiratory disease due to human respiratory syncytial virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae in a single group of 30 captive chimpanzees. Both pathogens are potentially zoonotic. The diagnosis was made antemortem and enabled a targeted response to the outbreak; but it more importantly, prompted improvements to the disease surveillance, biosecurity for risk mitigation and risk communication protocols within the zoo. A defined zoonotic disease risk communication pathway provides a model for management and compliance requirements for other collections.

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Cardiac disease has been implicated as a leading cause of death in captive great apes. Trans‐thoracic echocardiography provides clinically relevant information that may help differentiate between the myriad of different heart diseases and disorders, guide treatment and aid the management of great apes with underlying cardiac pathology. The purpose of this paper is to provide an outline of the procedures and methodologies required to conduct a thorough trans‐thoracic echocardiogram of great apes under general anaesthesia. Basic logistical considerations are discussed before a detailed description of the procedures required for the assessment of overall cardiac structure and function. Using a thorough systematic approach, it is our belief that veterinary professionals may be better able to diagnose, treat and manage captive great apes with, or at risk of developing heart disease.