Requirements Engineering (RE) aims to ensure that systems meet the needs of their stakeholders including users, sponsors, and customers. Often considered as one of the earliest activities in software engineering, it has developed into a set of activities that touch almost every step of the software development process. In this chapter, we reflect on how the need for RE was first recognised and how its foundational concepts were developed. We present the seminal papers on four main activities of the RE process, namely (i) elicitation, (ii) modelling & analysis, (iii) assurance, and (iv) management & evolution. We also discuss some current research challenges in the area, including security requirements engineering as well as RE for mobile and ubiquitous computing. Finally, we identify some open challenges and research gaps that require further exploration.

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Model Management addresses the problem of managing an evolving collection of models, by capturing the relationships between models and providing well-defined operators to manipulate them. In this paper, we describe two such operators for manipulating hierarchical Statecharts: Match, for finding correspondences between models, and Merge, for combining models with respect to known correspondences between them. Our Match operator is heuristic, making use of both static and behavioural properties of the models to improve the accuracy of matching. Our Merge operator preserves the hierarchical structure of the input models, and handles differences in behaviour through parameterization. In this way, we automatically construct merges that preserve the semantics of Statecharts models. We illustrate and evaluate our work by applying our operators to AT&T telecommunication features.

Abstract-Sustainability has emerged as a broad concern for society. Many engineering disciplines have been grappling with challenges in how we sustain technical, social and ecological systems. In the software engineering community, for example, maintainability has been a concern for a long time. But too often, these issues are treated in isolation from one another. Misperceptions among practitioners and research communities persist, rooted in a lack of coherent understanding of sustainability, and how it relates to software systems research and practice. This article presents a cross-disciplinary initiative to create a common ground and a point of reference for the global community of research and practice in software and sustainability, to be used for effectively communicating key issues, goals, values and principles of sustainability design for software-intensive systems. The centrepiece of this effort is the Karlskrona Manifesto for Sustainability Design, a vehicle for a much needed conversation about sustainability within and beyond the software community, and an articulation of the fundamental principles underpinning design choices that affect sustainability. We describe the motivation for developing this manifesto, including some considerations of the genre of the manifesto as well as the dynamics of its creation. We illustrate the collaborative reflective writing process and present the current edition of the manifesto itself. We assess immediate implications and applications of the articulated principles, compare these to current practice, and suggest future steps.

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Abstract-The critical role that software plays in society demands a paradigm shift in the mindset of Software Engineering. The focus of this shift begins in Requirements Engineering.

This article introduces the concept of multi-valued model-checking and describes a multi-valued symbolic model-checker, χ Chek. Multi-valued model-checking is a generalization of classical modelchecking, useful for analyzing models that contain uncertainty (lack of essential information) or inconsistency (contradictory information, often occurring when information is gathered from multiple sources). Multi-valued logics support the explicit modeling of uncertainty and disagreement by providing additional truth values in the logic.This article provides a theoretical basis for multi-valued model-checking and discusses some of its applications. A companion article [Chechik et al. 2002b] describes implementation issues in detail. The model-checker works for any member of a large class of multi-valued logics. Our modeling language is based on a generalization of Kripke structures, where both atomic propositions and transitions between states may take any of the truth values of a given multi-valued logic. Properties are expressed in χ CTL, our multi-valued extension of the temporal logic CTL.We define the class of logics, present the theory of multi-valued sets and multi-valued relations used in our model-checking algorithm, and define the multi-valued extensions of CTL and Kripke structures. We explore the relationship between χ CTL and CTL, and provide a symbolic modelchecking algorithm for χ CTL. We also address the use of fairness in multi-valued model-checking. Finally, we discuss some applications of the multi-valued model-checking approach.

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