Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a widely used protocol that provides a mapping of Internet Protocol (IP) addresses to Media Access Control (MAC) addresses in local area networks. This protocol suffers from many spoofing attacks because of its stateless nature and lack of authentication. One such spoofing attack is the ARP Cache Poisoning attack, in which attackers poison the cache of hosts on the network by sending spoofed ARP requests and replies. Detection and mitigation of ARP Cache Poisoning attack is important as this attack can be used by attackers to further launch Denial of Service (DoS) and Man-In-The Middle (MITM) attacks. As with traditional networks, an ARP Cache Poisoning attack is also a serious concern in Software Defined Networking (SDN) and consequently, many solutions are proposed in the literature to mitigate this attack. In this paper, a detailed survey on various solutions to mitigate ARP Cache Poisoning attack in SDN is carried out. In this survey, various solutions are classified into three categories: Flow Graph based solutions; Traffic Patterns based solutions; IP-MAC Address Bindings based solutions. All these solutions are critically evaluated in terms of their working principles, advantages and shortcomings. Another important feature of this survey is to compare various solutions with respect to different performance metrics, e.g., attack detection time, ARP response time, calculation of delay at the Controller etc. In addition, future research directions are also presented in this survey that can be explored by other researchers to propose better solutions to mitigate the ARP Cache Poisoning attack in SDN.
There are many challenges typically encountered by a tertiary institution setting up applied networking resources. Such labs are necessary to create industry-ready graduates. Smaller institutes face particular issues where they lose the benefit of economies scale. This is because networking resources usually scale particularly well as the number of users increases. In an earlier paper [5], the author discusses how the skills and equipment necessary to run a Cisco Network Academy can be used to build an effective Faculty-wide network for teaching and research use, at minimal cost. This paper builds on the first with an emphasis on equipment and personnel experiences. The focus in this paper changes from a 'Learning Network' built on Cisco Network Academy experience, to a wider 'Learning Environment' that is far more than just a computer network.This paper describes a range of elements of the Learning Environment. The political environment is described briefly, then put into context of an overall, 'living' environment of many different aspects, built over the years 2000 to 2011. Initially some relatively static elements of the environment are discussed, including an outline of the political and historical environment.The way in which the School of Information Technology at Whitireia New Zealand adapted to that environment is considered with reference to the physical classroom environment over the years of this study. Technical elements are then described, particularly hardware and networking resources available. People skills are described next -the way the Learning Environment is used by academic staff, and the invaluable technicians employed over the years. There is consideration of a recent, and very exciting, addition to the Environment, then a look at the crystal ball of future directions, and mirror of lessons learned. This paper will contain information useful to anyone managing an applied network lab, or a wider environment for teaching Information Technology (IT) courses.
Smaller technical training institutes face particular challenges when setting up an applied networking laboratory. Such facilities scale very well, but small institutes do not get the advantage of scale. Typical components of a lab ecosystem include policy documentation and implementation, directory servers, printers, technician training, and management software. Each component requires significant resources to set up, but marginal costs are not as significant as the number of students (and, hence, institute income) rises. Academynetspace (http://www.academynetspace.com) confirms that Whitireia Community Polytechnic (Whitireia) Cisco Network Academy is small in New Zealand terms, and tiny compared to academies in most other parts of the world. Small class sizes have limited the funding available to developAcademy resources. On the positive side, a small number of students also means individuals are well known to staff, and each other. Therefore they do not require the same level of supervision and management necessary in larger institutions. This paper discusses how the skills and equipment necessary to run a Cisco Network Academy can be used to build an effective Faculty-wide network for teaching and research use, at minimal cost.The Whitireia Learning Network has developed over the past ten years, from modest beginnings, to become a resource relied on by all applications development and networking students.
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